元代家族发展略论——以族谱、族田与祠堂为中心

On Clan Development of the Yuan Dynasty——Centered on Clan Genealogy,Clan Field and Clan Temple

宋代以后中国家族的发展进入被称为"近代封建家族"或"近世家族"的新阶段,其中以"敬宗收族"为目的而出现的族谱、族田与祠堂,是这一阶段家族组织的三个重要外在表现特征。本文以族谱、族田、祠堂为切入点,通过对元代家族的发展情况做粗略梳理,认为元代中国北方地区因长期受战乱等因素影响,聚族而居的家族组织发展缓慢,且受到一定限制,而江南地区自北宋以来因基本未受外力冲击,家族组织的发展进程则保持了原有的发展势头。

After the Song Dynasty,the development of Chinese clan entered a new period of ＂modern feudal clan＂or ＂modern clan＂,and clan genealogy,clan field and clan temple aiming at respecting ancestors and family harmony became three important characteristics of clan organization in this period. This paper,based on the three characteristics,makes a study of the clan development of the Yuan Dynasty and concludes that in Northern China,the development of clan organization was slow and restrained under the influence of a long period of wars; while in the region south of the Yangtze River,clan organization kept its original development momentum because the region had not been impacted by external forces since the Early Song Dynasty.