蒙古语逆同化元音和谐历时演变规律的音系学分析

A Phonological Study of the Historical Change of Regressive Vowel Harmony in Mongolian

蒙古语逆同化型元音和谐律的历时演变规律如下:(1)第一音节展唇元音[i][■][?]受第二音节元音[■]和[■]的影响,变为相应的圆唇元音;(2)非第一音节元音的变化是:词末元音脱落(两个音节或三个音节词末元音),元音的插入(两个辅音之间),第二音节圆唇元音消失,非圆唇化等;(3)第一音节元音[■]在察哈尔土语中舌位降低,然后产生圆唇和谐,而在喀喇沁—土默特方言中没有发生这种和谐;无论是哪一种变化,都遵循了OCP原则。

The historical change of regressive vowel harmony in Mongolian are achieved by 1） the change of unrounded vowels of the first syllable [i],[ ] and [ ] into the corresponding rounded vowels influenced by the vowels of the second syllable [ ]and[ ]; 2） some vowel changing rules of other syllables if they are not the first ones,such as the last vowel deletion of disyllabic and tri-syllabic words,vowel insertion between the two consonants,and the rounded vowel deletion or changing into unrounded one of the second syllable; and 3） the lowering of the tongue position of [ ]in the first syllable leading to the formation of the rounded vowel in Chahar dialect,which does not exist in Harqin-tumd dialect. All kinds of change follow the Open-Closed-Principle.