促进青少年参与校内课外身体活动的干预有效性和持续性检验——基于社会生态模型

Effectiveness and Sustained Impact of Intervention on Promoting Adolescent's in-school Extracurricular Physical Activity:Based on the Social Ecological Model

为促进青少年利用在校课外时间,参与可自由支配的课外身体活动,以达到增强体质,健康身心的目的,基于社会生态模型的人际和组织生态子系统,以学校为载体,13~15岁青少年校内课外身体活动为研究对象,采用准试验不等同比较组前后测设计,以散页印刷品-信息型干预为主要方式,进行为期8周的干预试验和4周追踪,以检验干预的有效性和持续性。重复测量方差分析显示,青少年每天参与校内课外身体活动时间和活动量的时间×试验处理交互作用显著(F=4.18;F=4.18,P<0.05),干预有效性显著。混合效应模型分析显示,干预期,试验组和对照组学生3天身体活动的总量差值达163.64 MET-minutes,追踪期间上述差异仍有41.48梅脱-分钟,但上述差异不具统计学意义。干预期,试验组和对照组学生3天身体活动总时间有20.69 min的差异,上述差异在追踪期间仍然存在(9.98 min),但也不具有统计学意义。为期12周的干预试验证实,采用信息型干预方式,基于社会生态模型两水平影响因素的干预试验有效性显著,但持续性影响效果不足。后续研究需对不同干预方式综合策略的有效性和持续性进行检验。

The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy and sustained impact of an intervention based on the interpersonal and organizational level factors of social ecological model to promote 13-15 years old adolescent engaging in in-school extracurricular physical activity. The intervention strategy were formulated and 8 weeks experiment and 4 weeks follow-up were carried out by adopting quasi-experimental design and using printed leaflets delivery to verify the effectiveness and sustainability of the intervention. Repeated measure analysis of variance showed that significant interaction effects favoring the intervention group were observed for the duration and the amount of everyday extracurricular PA（F=4.18;F=4.18,P〈0.05）.Mixed effect model analysis showed that the amount of three days physical activity between the experimental group and the control group had 163.64 MET-minutes difference during intervention period;two groups had remained 41.48 MET-minutes difference during follow-up period, but the differences were not significant. Three days physical activity duration of the experimental group and the control group had 20.69 minutes difference during intervention period;there were still 9.98 minutes difference exited between two groups during follow-up period, but the differences were still not significant. 12 weeks experiment confirmed that the intervention strategy formulated based on the interpersonal factor and organizational factor of the social ecological model had significant affect on adolescent in-school extracurricular physical activity,however,sustained impact was not optimal. Comprehensive intervention strategy and approach formulation and examination are warranted in the future.