天津市儿童水痘疫苗接种情况及影响因素分析

Analysis on the status of children's varicella vaccination and its influencing factors in Tianjin

目的了解天津市0~6岁儿童水痘疫苗接种情况及影响因素,为制定水痘疫苗接种管理策略提供科学依据。方法采用问卷调查方式对儿童水痘疫苗接种情况及家长知晓情况进行调查,用SPSS 19.0软件对数据进行整理和统计分析。结果水痘疫苗接种率为56.0%,家长年龄、户籍类型、对水痘传播途径的认知情况不同,相应水痘疫苗接种率差异有统计学意义(P=0.000、0.033、0.013,均<0.05),家长越年轻、城市户籍及对水痘传播途径知晓的家长对应的儿童水痘疫苗接种率更高。结论家长年龄、户籍类型、对水痘传播途径的认知情况是影响天津市水痘疫苗接种的因素。需采取多种措施加大宣传力度,科学引导儿童家长尤其是大龄家长和郊区居民全面了解疫苗知识和免疫规划政策,从而提高水痘疫苗接种水平,有效防控相关传染病的发生和流行。

Objective To investigate the status of the varicella vaccination and its influencing factors in children aged 0-6 years in Tianjin,and to provide the scientific basis for the development of management strategy of the vaccine. Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the status of varicella vaccination and parents＇ knowledge; the data was collected and analyzed by SPSS 19. 0 software. Results The vaccination rate of the varicella vaccine was 56. 0%. The difference of corresponding varicella vaccination rates of different parents＇ age,type of residence and the knowledge of transmission of varicella were statistically significant(P = 0. 000,0. 033,0. 013, 0. 05）. The younger parents,urban households,and parents who were aware of the transmission of varicella have higher rates of varicella vaccination for children. Conclusion The age of parents,type of residence and transmission of varicella are influencing factors of the varicella vaccination rates in Tianjin. Various measures need to be taken to enhance publicity and parents of children,especially the older one and suburban parents should be scientificly guided to have a comprehensive understanding of vaccine knowledge and immunization planning policies,so as to raise the level of varicella vaccination and effectively prevent and control the occurrence and epidemic of related infectious diseases.