《新疆图志·兵事志》趋向动词考察

A Survey of Directional Verbs in Xinjiang Graphical Records-Military System Records

以《汉语动词用法词典》为主要参照对象,从句法角度对《新疆图志·兵事志》中的趋向动词进行定量定性分析,归纳出《新疆图志·兵事志》趋向动词共13个,分别是"来、去、至、出、入、进、上、下、归、回、过、起、到",共使用766次;《新疆图志·兵事志》趋向动词的句法功能主要有:直接充当谓语,即施事+趋向动词;趋向动词+动词;动词+而+趋向动词构成连动形式;动词+趋向动词作趋向补语。通过对照《儿女英雄传》《大唐西域记》和《语法讲义》,发现《新疆图志·兵事志》存在趋向动词使用数量上和句法功能上的差异,主要是由于特殊的成书时间和方志语言的特殊性造成的。

Taking the Dictionary of Chinese Verb Usage as the main reference object, the paper analyzes quantitatively and qualitatively the directional verbs in Xinjiang Graphical Records-Military System Records from the syntactic point of view, and concludes that there are 13 directional verbs in it. They are ＂come, go, to, out, in,up, down, return, back, cross, rise, arrive, used 766 times. The syntactic function of the directional verbs mainly includes directly acting as predicate, that is, the doer ＋ directional verb; the directional verb ＋ verb; a verb ＋ and ＋the directional verb that forms a linked verb; a verb ＋ the directional verb that is used as a directional complement.According to the comparison among the Legend of Heroes and Heroines, Buddhist Records of the Western World and Lectures on the Grammar, it is found that there are differences in the number of directional verbs and the syntactic functions in the chronicles of Xinjiang Graphical Records-Military System Records. It is mainly due to the special writing time and the particularity of the local chronology language.