高校辅导员心理健康变迁的横断历史研究

Changes in Chinese University Counselors' Mental Health:A Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis

目的:研究2004~2015年的12年间高校辅导员心理健康的变化趋势。方法:检索中国知网、维普资讯、万方的中文数据库,选取以症状自评量表(SCL-90)测量高校辅导员心理健康的相关文献,对数据进行整理编码后采用横断历史研究(Cross-temporal meta-analysis)方法探析高校辅导员的心理健康随年代变化的趋势。结果:共纳入25篇文献,总样本量5835人。控制样本量加权后,辅导员SCL-90各因子与年代之间呈显著负相关(p<0.01),年代可以解释辅导员心理健康9个因子2%至15%的变异;12年来9个因子均值分别下降了4%至10%,其中精神病性、偏执、人际敏感因子变化较为明显。结论:2004~2015年,高校辅导员心理健康整体水平逐步提高;辅导员在"精神病性"因子上变化最大,而在"躯体化"和"强迫"因子上变化最小;辅导员的9个心理健康因子中,"强迫症状"因子上所表现的心理问题相对最为严重,而在"恐怖症状"因子上问题相对最轻。

Objective： To investigate the changes in Chinese university counselors＇ mental health from 2004 through 2015. Methods： We collected the literature investigating Chinese university counselors＇ mental health by Symptom Check List 90（SCL-90） through the database of CNKI, CQVIP, Wanfang, and used the cross-temporal meta-analysis to examine the changes of counselors＇ scores on the SCL-90 in the past 12 years（2004-2015）. Results： Twenty-five published studies of the mental health of counselors（N=5835） were included. After weighting by sample size, correlations between year of data collection and counselors＇ SCL-90 scores were obvious negative（P〈0.01）, and the year could explain 2%~15% of the total variation of counselors＇ mental health. The counselors＇ nine factorial mean scores have decreased 4%~10% from 2004 to 2015, with mean scores of Psychoticism, Paranoid Ideation and Interpersonal Sensitivity decreasing more significantly. Conclusion： Chinese University counselors＇ mental health has been improving gradually from 2004 through 2015. During the 12 years, the factor Interpersonal Sensitivity of SCL-90 of counselors changed most significantly, and the least significantly changed factor was Somatization and Obsessive-Compulsive. Chinese university counselors show least problems on the factor of Phobic Anxiety, however, on the Obsessive-Compulsive they have always difficult problems.