代际关系、社会经济地位与老年人机构养老意愿——基于中国老年社会追踪调查(2012)的实证分析

Inter-generational Relations,Socioeconomic Status and Preferences for Institutional Care of the Elderly——An Empirical Analysis Based on China's Longitudinal Aging Social Survey(2012)

机构养老是实现养老服务社会化供给以及老有所养的重要途径,老年人内部较强的异质性决定了不同老人对机构养老的意愿存在较大差异,了解老年人的机构养老意愿是合理布局机构养老服务的前提。基于2012年中国老年人追踪调查数据,实证分析了代际关系、社会经济地位对老年人机构养老意愿的影响,并对其可能的机制进行了探讨。研究表明:样本中近1/4的老年人有机构养老意愿。子女对老人的照料和经济支持、代际亲近程度等代际关系因素,以及老年人的以往职业类别、教育水平、收入状况、所享受养老金层次等社会经济地位因素都会对其机构养老意愿产生显著影响。总体上,代际关系越融洽的老年人机构养老意愿越低,而社会经济地位越高老年人越有可能选择机构养老。建立健全家庭养老支持政策、提高机构养老服务的可及性以及强化医养融合型养老服务机构建设,成为我国养老服务体系进一步完善的方向。

Institutional care is the key way to achieve the goal of social services supply for the elderly, there is a strong heterogeneity within elderly, understand the elderly willingness to provide for the aged is the premise of the rational arrangement of the service for the elderly. Based on the survey data of China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey in 2012, this paper analyzes the influence of inter - generational relationship and socioeconomic status on the preferences for institutional care of the elderly, and discusses its possible mechanism. The study shows that nearly one - fourth of the elderly in the sample have the intention of receiving institutional care. The child＇ s care for the elderly, economic support and the degree of intimacy, the occupational categories, educational level, income level of the elderly pension and other socioeconomic status factors will have a significant impact on their institutional care willingness. Generally, the intimate the inter- generational relationship, the lower the willingness of the elderly in the elderly, and the higher the socioeconomic status of the elderly more likely to choose the institution care. Improve the support of family policy, the accessibility of institutional services and the integration of medical and institutions care becoming the direction of the old - age service system in China.