以效率变革为核心的我国经济高质量发展的实现路径

The Realization Path of the High Quality Development of China's Economy With Efficiency Reform as the Core

效率变革就是实现经济系统的整体产出主要依赖全要素生产率提升。从宏观层面看效率变革就是提高生产要素配置效率和产业生产率;从微观层面看效率变革就是提高企业技术进步、技术效率和规模效率。从劳动生产率增长率、物质资本生产率增长率和全要素生产率增长率3个指标分析我国经济增长特征,发现3个指标下降导致我国经济增长率下降是目前经济的主要特征。影响我国全要素生产率提升的主要因素是要素配置、产业结构、对外开放、研发投入(R&D)、教育和人力资本五大要素。新时代我国经济高质量发展提升全要素生产率的路径是:发挥市场对要素配置决定性作用,实现产业结构升级;深化企业改革,提高生产要素技术效率和规模效率;全面对外开放,持续发挥后发优势;加大R&D投入,提高技术创新水平;提高教育水平与人力资本质量;建立以全要素生产率指标为核心的政府绩效考核体系。

Efficiency change is to rely on the improvement of total factor productivity to achieve overall output efficiency of the economic system. From the macro aspect,efficiency change is to improve the efficiency of the allocation of factors of production and industrial productivity. From the micro aspect,efficiency change is to improve enterprise technology progress,technical efficiency and scale efficiency. This paper analyzes the characteristics of China＇s economic growth from three indicators： labor productivity growth rate,material capital productivity growth rate and total factor productivity growth rate. It holds that the decline of China ＇s economic growth rate caused by the decline of three indicators is the main feature of the current economy. It concludes with five main factors affecting the improvement of China＇s total factor productivity： factor allocation,industrial structure,opening to the outside world,RD investment,education and human capital. According to that,the paper puts forward the paths to improve the total factor productivity in the New Era： Achieve the upgrading of industrial structure by the market on the allocation of factors; Deepen enterprise reform and improve the technical efficiency and scale efficiency of production factors; Open to the outside world completely and exert subsequent advantage; Increase RD investment and improve the level of technological innovation; Improve education level and human capital quality; Establish the total factor productivity as the core of the government performance appraisal system.