历史唯物主义视域下村民自治成因探析

An Analysis of the Causes of Villager Autonomy from the Perspective of Historical Materialism

以实行家庭联产承包责任制为核心的农村生产关系变革是村民自治产生的根本原因。而这种根本原因是通过两个直接原因起作用的:其一,随着农村生产关系的变革,农民在成为相对独立的经济主体后必然要求在政治上享有相应的权利来维护自己的切身经济利益,而日渐式微的人民公社无法维护村民的利益。在这种现实的矛盾面前,农民出于对自身利益的关切,自发地创造了村民自治这种基层管理方式。其二,党和国家基于对社会规律——尤其是生产关系必须要和生产力相适应,上层建筑必须要和经济基础相适应这一根本规律——的科学把握,主动推动我国的民主化进程,对农民的自治行为予以支持,也进一步推动了村民自治的产生及其制度化。

The primary cause of villager autonomy stems from the reform of rural production relations whose core is the household contract responsibility system.And this cause has worked through two direct causes.First,with the transformation of rural production relations,peasants must have the corresponding political rights to safeguard their immediate economic interests after becoming relatively independent economic subjects,but the declining people’s commune could not protect the villagers’interests.In the face of this kind of realistic contradiction,peasants spontaneously created villager autonomy,the basic management mode,out of concern for their own interests.Second,based on the scientific understanding that the social laws,especially the relations of production,must be adapted to the productive forces,and that the superstructure must be adapted to the basic law of the economic base,our Party and country have taken the initiative to promote the process of democratization in our country,provided support to the peasants’autonomous behaviors,and certainly promoted the emergence and institutionalization of villager autonomy.