4种山奈属植物光合特性的比较研究

Comparison of Photosynthetic Characteristics Among Plants of Four Kaempferia Species

为探究山奈属植物的光合特性,在温室栽培条件下,以山奈、海南三七、紫花山奈和小花山奈为试验材料,对其叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和瞬时水分利用效率的日变化及其叶片的叶绿素荧光参数、叶绿体色素含量和比叶质量进行研究。结果表明:4种植物叶片的净光合速率日变化均呈先升高后降低的趋势;山奈、海南三七和紫花山奈叶片的蒸腾速率日变化也呈先升高后降低的趋势,小花山奈叶片的蒸腾速率日变化呈双峰曲线;山奈和海南三七叶片的气孔导度日变化呈单峰曲线,紫花山奈和小花山奈叶片的气孔导度日变化呈双峰曲线;山奈、紫花山奈和小花山奈叶片的瞬时水分利用效率日变化呈双峰曲线,海南三七叶片的瞬时水分利用效率日变化呈三峰曲线;叶片初始荧光排序为:海南三七>山奈>小花山奈>紫花山奈,最大荧光和最大可变荧光排序都为:海南三七>小花山奈>山奈>紫花山奈;叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量排序都为:海南三七>小花山奈>紫花山奈>山奈;比叶质量的排序为:山奈=紫花山奈>海南三七>小花山奈。4种山奈属植物中,海南三七叶片的光合速率和气孔导度日变化的峰值最大,紫花山奈叶片的蒸腾速率日变化的峰值最大。本研究为山奈属植物的光合生理研究和栽培浇水管理提供参考。

In order to study the photosynthetic characteristics of Kaempferia plants, the diurnal variation of leaf net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency were detected, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, chlorophyll contents and specific leaf dry mass of 4 Kaempferia species, Kaempferia galanga, Kaempferia rotunda, Kaempferia elegans, and Kaempferia parviflora, planted under greenhouse conditions were analyzed. The results showed that the diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rates of all the four Kaempferia species tended to rise first and then decrease. The diurnal variation of transpiration rates of K. galanga, K. rotunda and K. elegans also showed a first rising and then decreasing trend, but the diurnal variation of transpiration rate of K. parviflora had a bimodal curve. The diurnal variation of stomatal conductance of K. galanga and K. rotunda displayed a unimodal curve, while the diurnal variation of stomatal conductance of K. elegans and K. parviflora did a bimodal curve. The diurnal variation of water use efficiency of K. galanga, K. elegans and K. parviflora showed a bimodal curve, but the diurnal variation of water use efficiency of K. rotunda showed a trimodal curve. The initial fluorescence of the leaves was in the order of K. rotunda〉K, galanga〉K, parviflora〉K. elegans. Both the maximum fluorescence and maximum variable fluorescence of the leaves were in the order of K. rotunda〉K, parviflora〉K, galanga〉K, elegans, lne cmoropnyn a, cmoropnyli u m^u t~,~ chlorophyll contents of the leaves were in the order of K. rotunda〉K, parvo%ra〉K, elegans〉K, galartga. The specific leaf dry mass was in the order of K. galanga=K, elegans〉K, rotunda〉K, parviflora. Among the four Kaempferia species, the diurnal variation of leaf net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of K. rotunda were the highest, while the diurnal variation of leaf transpiration rate of K. elegans was the highest. This study provided references for physiological research and water management of Kaempferia plants.