新疆拜城县克孜尔石窟第205窟调查简报

A Brief Report on the Investigation of Grotto 205 of Kizil Grottoes in Baicheng, Xinjiang

克孜尔石窟位于新疆维吾尔自治区拜城县克孜尔乡木扎提河北岸的崖壁上,这是我国开凿年代最早、地理位置最西的一处大型佛教石窟群。克孜尔石窟反映的佛教思想、艺术风格不仅影响了周边地区,更对中原内地佛教的发展和表现形式的形成产生过不可磨灭的影响。克孜尔后山区第205窟是一座典型的中心柱窟,窟内壁画精美,内容丰富。其中主室前壁的供养人壁画及上方榜题的婆罗迷字母题记尤为重要。经前人释读可知,题记内容为龟兹国王及王后的名字,结合史料,可判定该窟大致修建年代为公元6至7世纪,从而使得该窟成为克孜尔石窟中为数不多的标形窟之一。该窟所呈现的壁画风格、题材内容、洞窟形制,都为克孜尔石窟的年代分期研究,提供了切实可信的依据。本文旨在结合实地调查及资料搜集,阐明克孜尔第205窟洞窟和壁画保存现状等相关问题,并为学术界提供了翔实可靠的研究资料。

Kizil grottoes are located on the cliff of Mingwutage Mountain of Baicheng county in Aksu district of Xinjiang. They are the earliest and westmost large-scale Buddhist grottoes complex in China. The Buddhist philosophy and artistic style reflected in Kizil grottoes did not only influence the surrounding area, but also left an indelible mark on the development of Buddhism in the Central Plains and the formation of Buddhist presentation. Grotto 205 in the back hill of Kizil is a typical central-pillared cave, which contains exquisite murals and abundant information. The mural of devotees in the front wall of the main chamber and the preface of mysterious Borneo letters are of great significance. Based on the interpretation of previous scholars, content of the preface should be the names of the King and Queen of Kucha. Historical materials indicate that the cave was built between the 6th and the 7th century AD. The murals＇ style, themes and cave types presented in Grotto 205 provide solid evidence for the study of stages of Kizil grottoes. This article explores related issues about the preservation situation of Grotto 205 and the murals and tries to provide thorough and accurate materials for further research.