彝族花鼓舞的历史源流、主要特征与多重价值

The Historical Origin, Features and Values of Yi Flower-drum Dance

彝族花鼓舞作为一个仪式灵舞,源于彝族丧礼五言诗体古籍《笃慕拢细则兜》"娱尸慰灵"的仪式演述,其目的是通过后人模拟象征踩踏归祖途中的尖刀草而"送灵归祖",实现彝人灵魂在现世和祖界之间的有效过渡与平稳转换。彝族花鼓舞具有历史性、神圣性、艺术性与社会性等主要特征,相应地,形成历史记忆、文化认同与地域和谐等多重价值,具有历史学、宗教学、民俗学、人类学、非物质文化遗产学等多学科研究价值。随着2017年3月1日起峨山彝族自治县全面推行殡葬制度改革,作为彝族花鼓舞展演、传习源生时空的传统丧礼已消失,其原生功能也随之丧失,彝族民间花鼓会组织及其功能也将转变,作为纯粹艺术审美的各类现代展演可能是彝族花鼓舞未来发展的趋势。

As a ritual soul dance, Yi flower-drum dance is originated from the corpse amusing and soulscomfort of the ritual performance of Yi funeral poetic ancient book Dumuluoxizedou（the scripture）. Its purposeis to escort the souls to Yi ancestors through the descendants＇ stimulation of trampling the knife-grass on theway back to the ancestral world and to effectively transit and smoothly transform the Yi souls between this lifeand the ancestral world. With the historical, holy, artistic and social features, Yi flower-drum dance according-ly functions as historical memory, cultural identity and regional harmony. It is of the study values of the rela-tive disciplines of history, religion, folklore, anthropology and intangible cultural heritage. With the full imple-mentation of the funeral reform in Eshan Yi Autonomous County on March 1, 2017, Yi traditional funeral asthe original time and space of Yi flower-drum dance performance and inheritance disappeared. Hereafter itsprimary functions have been lost. The structure and functions of Yi flower-drum troupes are to change. Allkinds of modern performance as purely artistic aesthetics are to be the trend of Yi flower-drum dance develop-ment.