论中国古代文学形式中的政治意涵

On the Political Implications in Classical Chinese Literary Forms

在我们以往的文学史和文学思想史研究中,从作品内容中揭示出政治的或意识形态的内涵是比较普遍的做法,但从被视为纯粹的"审美"或者"形式"中发现政治意蕴却是比较少见的。事实上,一种审美趣味以及文体、修辞等文学形式与社会政治状况密切关联:一方面社会政治状况是审美与形式生成与演变的重要原因;另一方面审美和形式也以特有的方式发挥着政治的或意识形态的功能。六朝士族文人对五言诗的青睐以及以品论诗、历代儒家士人的复古主义或者退化论的文学史观,从表面看主要是形式问题,实际上都是某种政治诉求的文学表征,因此,探讨"形式的政治"就成为文学史和文学思想史研究的重要视角。

The political implicationswere usually discovered through the work content study in literature,but it was very uncommon to disclose the political implications via＂aesthetic＂form studies.The style and rhetoric,however,might be connotative of certain political implications.The literary aesthetics and form,on one hand,is from its social and political environment,and on the other hand,it influences its social and political environment as well.The political implications in literature were actually reflected in the literary phenomena such as the scholar＇s preference in 5-word poem style in Six Dynasties,social status-poem-quality criteria,and Chinese Confucius revivalists for classical literature or the literature degeneration view.Therefore,it is necessary to study the political implications in literature from a perspective of literature forms or styles.