血迹形态分析在道路交通事故调查中的作用

血迹形态分析属于法医学专业领域，在犯罪现场重建中发挥着重要作用。本文介绍了一起交通事故案例的研究分析过程，在本案例中，交通事故调查人员利用血迹形态分析，明确了法定证据鉴定人员和法医生物学部门分别出具的鉴定报告之间存在差异的原因。此案例是一起一死一伤的翻车事故，一位男性受害者当场死亡，一位女性受害者在事故中受伤。事故车辆翻车时，两人均被甩出车外，从初步的观察中难以确定交通事故发生时哪位受害者正在驾驶汽车。根据对汽车的初步检查结果及死者的受伤情况，法医认为，事故发生时男性受害者在驾驶汽车。但通过对从驾驶人座椅上提取的血液进行DNA分析，发现该血样与女性受害者的血液相匹配，表明事故发生时女性受害者可能是驾驶人。在这种情况下，法医对驾驶入座位上的血迹形态进行了分析，最终帮助调查人员准确判定了事故发生时的驾驶人。本案例研究强调了血迹形态分析在道路交通事故重建中的重要性。

Bloodstain pattern analysis has become a field of specialization in Forensic sciences and plays an important role in the reconstruction of events at a crime scene. This paper presents a case study of a road traffic accident in which bloodstain pattern analysis helped the investigators to solve the discrepancy between reports produced by forensic examiners and by the forensic biology department. The case involves an overturned car and 2 victims, one is a man who died immediately, the other one is a woman who was injured in the accident. They were both found outside their overturned car and it was impossible to ascertain from initial observations which of the victims was driving the car at the time of the accident. After initial examination of the car and based on the pattern of injuries the deceased received, forensic examiner concluded that the man was the driving the car at the time of accident. On the other hand, the forensic DNA analysis of bloodstains obtained from the driver＇s seat matched that of the woman, suggesting that she was the driver. This apparent discrepancy directed the forensic examiner to carry out a bloodstain pattern analysis on the driver＇s seat. The bloodstain pattern analysis helped resolve the discrepancy and enabled the investigators to identify the driver correctly. This case report emphasizes the importance of bloodstain pattern analysis in the reconstruction of cases involving road traffic accidents.