基于SolVES模型的关中-天水经济区生态系统文化服务评估

Assessment and analysis of social values of cultural ecosystem services based on the SolVES model in the Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Region

随着人类对于生态系统服务的需求持续增加,生态系统服务的评估逐渐成为研究热点。其中文化服务因其自身的无形性常在研究中被忽视且难以衡量。选取关中-天水经济区为研究区域,应用Sol VES模型并生成5种价值指数地图和价值总和地图来评估该区域生态系统的文化服务。结果表明:审美价值在秦岭山脉和城市公园等区域较高;娱乐价值在娱乐机会较多、交通便利的城市和秦岭北麓区域更高;文化与历史价值集中在历史文化底蕴深厚的城市地区;精神价值在与城市距离较近、有山川分布的森林公园更高。Sol VES模型在大范围区域的应用取得了较好的效果同时为政府进行生态建设和规划提供了科学依据。

With continuous development of societies,the demand for ecosystem services has continued to increase in recent years. The assessments of ecosystem services have become research hotspots. Among them,cultural ecosystem services are often neglected and are difficult to measure and evaluate because of their invisibility. In this study,the Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Region was selected as the research area. The SolVES model was used to generate five value index maps,and the sum of these value index maps was used to assess the cultural ecosystem services in this region. Based on the geographic information system（GIS） tool,the Social Values for Ecosystem Services(SolVES） model was developed to incorporate quantified and spatially explicit measures of social values into ecosystem service assessment. SolVES 3.0 continues to extend the functionality of SolVES,which was designed to assess,map,and quantify the social values of ecosystem services.SolVES 3.0 provides an improved public-domain tool for decision makers and researchers to evaluate ecosystem services and to facilitate discussions among diverse stakeholders regarding the tradeoffs among ecosystem services in a variety of physical and social contexts ranging from forest and rangeland to coastal and marine ecosystems. The input data of the model aredivided into two parts. One part is social survey data based on questionnaires,and the other part is environmental index data. The results showed that the aesthetic value was higher in the Qinling Mountains and urban parks. The recreation value was higher in cities and the northern part of the Qinling Mountains with more recreational opportunities and convenient transportation. The cultural and historical values were concentrated in urban areas with profound historical and cultural connotations. The spiritual value was higher in forest parks,which are closer to the city and mountains. Application of the Sol VES model in large scale areas has been effective. It provides a scientific basis for the government＇ s ecological construction and planning. After benefiting from the value of cultural ecosystem services,the government can plan for rational allocation of resources and determination of priority protected areas at the temporal and spatial scales. At the same time,it can overcome limitations at all levels and correctly handle the relationship between social economic development and the protection of the ecological environment,to achieve a coordinated and unified development of the economy,society,and ecology. Finally,the study also discussed the sensitivity of the model to large scale application. These findings can contribute to the improvement of ecosystem services assessment and the improvement and localization of the SolVES model.