烟碱提取方法研究进展

Research progress of extraction methods of nicotine

烟碱普遍存在于烟草中,由于20世纪上半叶烟草产业在全球范围内的高速发展,国内外学者对烟碱的测定做了大量研究工作。随着对烟碱认识的不断加深,烟碱的应用也从烟草工业扩大到农业、医药等领域,关于烟碱的提取方法出现了越来越多的尝试。科学技术和分析仪器的进步带动着烟碱提取方法从最初的蒸气蒸馏法逐步发展为快速高效的新型提取方法,目前烟碱的提取技术主要有溶剂萃取法、超声/微波辅助提取法、超临界CO_2流体萃取法、乳化液膜法、柱色谱法等,新型提取材料包括离子交换树脂、分子印迹聚合物等,提取率可以达到90%以上。本文从提取方法的角度进行分类,总结了近年来烟碱的提取技术,并对不同方法之间的差异进行了对比。

Nicotine is commonly found in tobacco. In the first half of 20 th century, tobacco industry has been developing with a rapid speed in a worldwide, and domestic and foreign scholars have done a lot of researches on the determination of nicotine. With the deepening of understanding of nicotine, the application of nicotine has expanded from the tobacco industry to agriculture, medicine and other fields. There have been more and more attempts on the extraction of nicotine. It is the advancement of science and technique and the analytical instruments that lets the extraction methods of nicotine begin from the steam distillation method to many novel and efficient extraction methods including solvent extraction, ultrasonic/microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical CO2 fluid extraction, emulsion membrane and so on. Moreover, many novel adsorbents are also applied in the column chromatographic method, such as molecular imprinted polymers and ion exchange resins. Therefore, the extraction efficiency is significantly improved to 90%. This paper classified the extraction methods from the view of extraction, summarized the extraction technology of nicotine in recent years, and compared the differences among different methods.