中国自然观光地旅游企业主移民微观驱动力研究——以黄山汤口为例

Tourism entrepreneurial migrants' micro-motivations in Chinese natural scenery sightseeing places:A case study of Tangkou town in Huangshan city

以黄山市汤口镇为案例地,对旅游企业主移民(Tourism Entrepreneurial Migrants,TEMs)入迁驱动力结构和强度进行探索性分析,在此基础上,运用连续体模型考察微观驱动力的变化趋势。研究表明:(1)中国TEMs在人口学特征上与国外存在较大区别,且研究区域内的主客TEMs比较亦发现了两者在性别、年龄结构和家庭收入结构上的差异性,总体来看,国内TEMs经营动机明显,当前从事的工作是绝大多数TEMs的唯一工作和家庭最主要收入来源。(2)探索性因子分析发现移民迁移微观驱动力由10个因子构成,可进一步划分为旅游地吸引、积极特性、企业家愿望、经济收益、社会资本、生活方式6类。(3)与国外发达地区TEMs专注于寻找"更好的生活方式"不同,中国TEMs迁移的微观驱动力以生产性因素为主导,不同年龄组比较分析又显示了驱动力随时间的推移而产生变化趋势。

The group of tourism entrepreneurial migrants（TEMs） is an important part of tourism-led migrants, which has specific features. This subgroup plays a critical role in solving the problems of shortage of tourism talents, insufficient tourism supply, the instability of tourism-dependent economies and so on. It is predictable that, with the continuous evolution of the relationship between tourism and migration, this form of migrants is becoming more and more important. However, it has been relatively neglected in mainstream tourism and migration research. The existing foreign studies are mainly involved in three aspects： behavioral theoretical researches, motivational theoretical researches and social impacts researches.Among these, the driving force of TEMs＇ relocation is the focus of most studies. Research findings on this topic are relatively fruitful. However, most of current studies committed so much to the empirical exploration of different cases that they rarely produce more general conclusions, which are applicable to common phenomena. Thus, Taking Tangkou Town in Huangshan city as a case, this paper explores the structure and intensity of the driving force that leads to the relocation of TEMs in China. Based on that, the research applies continuum method to analyze the complexity and gradual variability of TEMs＇ micro-motivations from a macroscopic prospect. Results show that：（1） Different with foreign life-style entrepreneurial migrants, TEMs in Tangkou are mainly male, less educated and early married. Most of them belong to adult type（35-44）, followed by young type（34 or below） and have children.Comparing migrant entrepreneurs with native, we find the differences in gender, age structure and household income structure. Relatively speaking, TEMs＇ motivation of operating business is more obvious and the current business is the sole work that constitutes the most important source of income of the whole household.（2） Exploratory factor analysis finds that the micro driving force of TEMs＇ relocation consists of ten factors, which can be summarized into six dimensions： the attraction of tourism destination, positive intrinsic values of tourism,entrepreneurship, instrumental utility, social capital and lifestyle. Compared with previous studies, this finding not only verified the hypotheses of TEMs＇ motivation, but also extended the theoretical implication.（3） Unlike entrepreneurial migrants in foreign developed regions who focus on ＂searching for a better way of life＂, the micro driving force of TEMs＇ relocation to Tangkou is very complex, which is the combination of productive and consumptive motivations. At the same time, it is also gradually changeable because of being influenced by macro socio-economic factors and values about work and life. In conclusion, this paper enriches international empirical research on the driving forces of TEMs and tries to draw a theoretical analysis framework that is applicable to more general situations.