空气污染对居民健康的影响及群体差异研究——基于CFPS(2012)微观调查数据的经验分析

Effects of Air Pollution on Residents' Health and Group Differences:An Empirical Analysis Based on CFPS( 2012) Micro-survey Data

本文利用2012年中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS),将环境因素纳入健康生产函数,讨论了空气污染对于居民健康的影响及其群体差异。研究发现:首先,空气污染会对居民健康产生消极影响,即生活在空气污染较为严重的地区,居民健康水平可能会有所下降。其次,引入收入分层模型与社会地位分层模型,发现空气污染的健康负效应存在群体差异,经济社会地位不利的群体因空气污染承担了更大的健康损失。最后,环境规制强度的提高将有效减少空气污染对于居民健康的负面影响,适度的环境规制是改善环境质量、提升居民健康的重要途径之一。因此,各地区加强环境规制强度,在经济发展过程中实现环境与民生的最优化,构建经济-环境-民生相协调的社会才是发展的应有之义。

Based on the China family tracking survey data（ CFPS） in 2012 and the introduction of air pollution factors into health production function,this paper tests the influence of air pollution on residents＇ health and the differences between income groups. The results show that： First,the air pollution has the negative effect on residents ＇ health. When the city air pollution increases,residents＇ health will decrease obviously. Second,the influence of the air pollution on health is not the same for residents of different income levels and different social status groups. The social and economic disadvantaged groups bear the bigger health loss due to the air pollution. Finally,the strengthening of the air regulation intensity will effectively reduce the influence of the air pollution on the health. Policy makers should strengthen environmental regulation intensity in each area. We should achieve a win-win environment and the people＇s livelihood in the process of economic development and build a society with economic-ecology-livelihood coordination,which is the proper meaning of development.