新疆孔雀河流域人工绿洲近40年土地利用/覆被变化

LUCC Analysis of the Upstream of the Kongqi River,Xinjiang,China

区域尺度土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)时空特征及驱动力是研究大尺度变化乃至全球变化演变过程的基础,而干旱区LUCC对区域水文、生态影响尤为显著,是全球变化研究的重点之一。以新疆孔雀河流域上游作为研究区,基于1977—2015年6期Landsat数据,采用多规则人机交互目视解译的方法完成LUCC制图,并利用LUCC模型从数量变化、空间变化、土地利用集约程度变化等多方面分析了近40年来该区域LUCC特点及演变机制。结果表明:(1)研究区仅有耕地和建设用地面积增加,且增幅均在200%以上,其他土地类型面积则均有不同程度的减少;(2)耕地变化呈现出空间集聚现象,而建设用地的扩张则呈现空间连续性;(3)2000年前后自然植被经历小幅退化—恢复过程;(4)受西部大开发、塔里木河生态综合治理工程等多种因素影响,2000—2005年间,空间变化的综合动态度最高(2.76%);(5)自然因素影响较小,人口增长和政策因素是主要驱动因子。

The spatial-temporal variation characteristics and driving forces of regional LUCC constitute the main basis for understanding the processes of large-scale environmental change.Land-Use and Land-Cover Change in arid areas is especially significant for regional hydrology and ecology,thus attracting the interest of current global change research.Based on Landsat data from 1977 to 2015,Land use and land cover mapping of the upstream of the Kongqi River Basin in Xinjiang has been completed using the Multi-rule Man-machine Interactive Visual Interpretation method.As a result,we have analyzed the dynamics of LUCC in the last 40 years from several aspects including the quantitative change,spatial change and land use intensity.The analysis has shown that：（1）Only the cultivated land and construction land have increased by more than 200% while the other classes have been decreasing at different rates;（2）the spatial change of cultivated land showed spatial agglomeration,while the expansion of construction land showed spatial continuity;（3）the natural vegetation experienced a small degradation-restoration process around 2000,mainly due to land reclamation and policy impacts;（4）Consequent to several government policies such as the Development of the Western Region in China and the Ecological Comprehensive Treatment Project of Tarim River,the highest spatial change rate（2.76%）was observed during 2000-2005;（5）Population growth and Policy have been found to be exercising greater influence over the natural factors.Both qualitative and quantitative assessments of Land Use Land Cover Changes in this area are important for future planning and sustainable development.