某水力发电站全身振动职业接触评价

Evaluation on occupational exposure to whole body vibration in workers of a hydroelectric power station

目的测量水力发电站作业工人全身振动的接触水平,评价其对作业工人健康的影响。方法采用判断抽样方法,选择杭州市某水力发电站为研究对象,对作业工人巡检点和高振动水平区域的全身振动接触水平进行测量和频谱分析,并对全身振动作业工人进行舒适性和允许职业接触持续时间评价。结果该水力发电站发电机层、水轮机层、中间层和涡壳层全身振动的计权加速度的均方根值(RMS)中位数分别为0.894、0.995、1.095和0.904 m/s^2;全身振动的中心频率为1.25 Hz。105个监测点中,91.4%监测点的全身振动作业工人感觉到不舒适,甚至是非常不舒适;仅12.4%监测点作业工人的全身振动允许职业接触时间为>8.0 h,不会对其健康产生影响。结论该水力发电站存在全身振动职业接触危害,中心频率1.25 Hz以下的低频振动是该水力发电站全身振动的关键控制点。

Objective To examine the level of occupational exposure to whole body vibration（ WBV） in a hydroelectric power station,and evaluate its effects on workers＇ health. Methods A hydroelectric power station in Hangzhou City was chosen as study subject by using judgment sampling method. The level of WBV exposure to workers and high vibration level areas were measured,and the vibration frequency was analyzed. The comfort and allowing duration of occupational exposure in WBV exposed workers was evaluated. Results The median root-mean-square of accelerometer acceleration of WBV exposure in generator floor,turbines-floor,middle-floor,hydraulic floor of the hydroelectric power station were 0. 894,0. 995,1. 095 and 0. 904 m/s^2,respectively. The central frequency of WBV in this station was 1. 25 Hz. Among the 105 monitoring spots,8. 6% of WBV exposed workers of the spots did not perceive or feel uncomfortable,but 91. 4%of them felt uncomfortable or very uncomfortable. Only 12. 4% of the WBV exposed workers tolerated more than 8 hours of WBV occupational exposure. Conclusion There is an occupational hazard of WBV in this hydroelectric power station.The low frequency vibration with central frequency below 1. 25 Hz is the key control point of the WBV of this hydroelectric power station.