注意控制在海军水面舰艇部队军人正念水平与焦虑抑郁间的中介作用

Relationships among mindfulness, anxiety and depression in surface warship soldiers：the mediating role of attentional control

目的了解水面舰艇部队军人正念、焦虑、抑郁之间的关系以及注意控制在其中的中介作用。方法采用五因素正念量表、状态特质焦虑量表、流调用抑郁量表和注意控制量表，对海军水面舰艇部队475人进行了调查研究，使用SPSS20．0对问卷数据进行单因素方差分析、相关分析，使用Amos18．0建立结构方程模型对注意控制的中介效应进行验证。结果①士兵和士官在状态焦虑、特质焦虑和抑郁上的得分均高于军官，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。状态焦虑、特质焦虑、抑郁和注意集中在学历上组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），具体表现在学历越低，状态焦虑、特质焦虑和抑郁的水平越高、注意集中的水平越低。②注意集中[（27．12±4．43）分]、注意转移[（29．43±3．78）分]、正念水平[（120．27±11．16）分]两两之间呈正相关（r=0．49-0．51，P〈0．01）。状态焦虑[（38．65±10．07）分]与注意集中、注意转移和正念水平均呈负相关（r=-0．32--0．54，P〈0．01），特质焦虑[（41．28±8．79）分]、抑郁[（9．97±10．13）分]与注意集中、注意转移和正念得分亦呈负相关（P〈0．01）。③注意集中部分中介了正念与状态焦虑、特质焦虑和抑郁的关系，注意转移部分中介了正念和特质焦虑间的关系。结论海军水面舰艇军人的焦虑、抑郁存在职级、学历差异；正念、注意控制是海军陆战部队军人心理健康的保护性因素，正念通过提升个体的注意集中和注意转移能力，改善个体的焦虑、抑郁情绪。

Objective To investigate the relationships between mindfulness,anxiety and depression in surface warship soldiers and the mediating role of attentional control.Methods Chinese versions of State- Trait Anxiety Inventory （ STAI ） , Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale （ CES-D ）, Attentional Control Scale （ACS） and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire （FFMQ） were used to survey 475 sur- face warship soldiers. Single factor analysis of variance, correlation analysis and path analysis were conducted by SPSS 20.0 and Amosl8.0. Results ① The scores of the state anxiety,trait anxiety and depression in the soldiers and noncommissioned officers were significantly higher than that of commissioned officers （P〈0.05）. As for the state anxiety, trait anxiety, depression and attentional focusing, there were statistically significant differences among different educational levels （P〈0.05）. Specifically, the lower educational level, the higher anxiety and depression, the lower control focusing. ② There were significant positive correlations among at- tentional focusing （ 27.12 ± 4.43 ）, attentional shifting （ 29.43 ±3.78 ） and mindfulness （ 120.27 ± 11.16, r = 0.49-0.51,P〈0.01 ）. State anxiety （ 38.65± 10.07） was negatively correlated with attentional focusing, atten- tional shifting and mindfulness （r=-0.32--0.54, P〈0.01 ）. Similar results were observed for trait anxiety （41.28±8.79） and depression （9.97± 10.13）. ③Attentional focusing partially mediated the relationships be- tween state anxiety, trait anxiety, depression and mindfulness. Conclusion Anxiety and depression of sol- diers have obvious relationships with kinds of soldiers＇ rank and education level. Mindfulness and attentionalcontrol are vital protective factors for marine army＇ s mental health. This study indicates that mindfulness may improve individuals＇ attentional focusing and attentional shifting, and ameliorate negative moods such as anx- iety and depression.