最高人民法院刑法解释权的功能扩张与复归

On the Functional Expansion and Restoration of the People's Supreme Court's Power of Interpreting the Criminal Law

我国最高人民法院的刑法解释权呈现出功能扩张的态势,具体表现为对治罪功能的过分强调、变相代行属于立法解释的统一法律解释功能、力图取代法官解释的个案评价功能。这种功能扩张,源于它对犯罪治理的追求、对强化规范实效的考虑和对法官自由裁量的担忧。其出发点没有问题,却违背了基本原理、宪法规定与司法规律,蕴含着巨大的风险,从根本上侵蚀着权力的正当性。唯有寻求功能复归方能避免这些风险,应从以下几方面入手:落实规范性与权衡性的要求,确保刑法解释在犯罪治理中有限度的积极;统一法律解释功能应当复归立法解释,由全国人大宪法与法律委员会下设专门机构加以解决;对法官解释权的整合应以赋予法官解释权为前提,并通过指导性案例制度与审级制度加以展开。

The Power of the People＇ s Supreme Court of China in interpreting the criminal taw has me trend of functional expansion which is specifically embodied in overemphasis of convicting function, per- formance of legislative interpretation in disguised form to unify the law interpretation, efforts to replace the function of judges＇ interpretation in evaluating specific cases. Such functional expansion is rooted in the pursuit of criminal governance, consideration of strengthening practical effect of norms and worries about judges＇ discretion. Its original intention is reasonable but this situation implies tremendous risks and funda- mentally erodes the legitimacy of power as it violates some basic principles, constitutional provisions and ju- dicial logics. These risks can only be avoided by seeking the functional restoration which shall be carried out from the following aspects： the requirements of normativeness and balance shall be met to ensure the limited proactiveness of criminal law interpretation in criminal governance; the function of unifying law interpreta- tion shall be returned to legislative interpretation and performed by a special organ under Constitution and Law Committee of National People＇ s Congress; the integration of judges＇ power of interpretation shall be carried out on the premise of granting judges power of interpretation and through developing the instructive cases system and court hierarchy system.