农地整治对灌溉设施利用行为的影响研究

The impacts of rural land consolidation on the utilization behaviors of irrigation infrastructure

灌溉设施的供给是农地整治工具理性的集中体现,灌溉设施利用行为的研究有利于改进其供给机制。基于湖北省钟祥市、团风县实地调查数据,运用威廉姆森范式和Logistics模型,探讨农地整治对灌溉设施利用行为的影响机理。结果表明,在灌溉组织方式上,采取合作供给的农户占44.6%,在灌溉水源选择上,利用渠道引地表水灌溉的农户占90.3%;67.7%的农户认为农地整治后灌溉设施利用行为有好转。灌溉设施利用行为受到资产专用性(实物资产专用性、地理资产专用性)、不确定性、交易频率等维度要素的影响,基准模型中水泵运行、渠道运行、塘堰运行、田间输水时间、灌溉纠纷调处次数、灌溉次数等变量具有显著的统计意义。基准模型的稳健性通过调整控制变量(家庭年收入、家庭劳动力、耕地面积)、替换解释变量(水泵运行、下田交通时间、务农时间、灌溉纠纷调处次数)、反事实检验(水泵运行、渠道运行、塘堰运行、田间输水时间、灌溉纠纷调处次数、灌溉次数)等策略得到全面检验。因此,建议农地整治中应确保水泵、渠道、塘堰等设施的高质量供给,关注灌溉设施利用行为的不确定性,实现资源利用的均等化。

The supply of irrigation infrastructure is mainly featured with the instrumental rationality of rural land consolidation（RLC） and the utilization behavior of irrigation infrastructure is one vital part of the supply mechanism study. Applying the Williamson Paradigm, this paper analyzed the impacts of RLC on the utilization behaviors, and this paper also conducted a case study of Zhongxiang and Tuanfeng, Hubei by the Logistics models. Results show that, 44.6% of the surveyed farmers chose cooperatives as their irrigation organizations, 90.3% of them chose canal water as their water resources, and 67.7% admitted that the utilization behaviors were improved after RLC. The coefficients of pumping station, canal, pool, water delivery time-consuming, conflict resolution and irrigation time are significant, indicating that the physical and geographical specificity, uncertainty, transaction frequency are significant to the utilization behaviors, as well as the validation of the analysis paradigm. In addition, after parts of control variables and explaining variables being replaced, the estimation results are still robust. The placebo test also supports the baseline econometrical model. In summary, this paper suggests that the supply of pumping station, canal and pool should be promoted and both the uncertainty of the utilization behaviors and the equality of resource access need more attention.