抗原特异性调节性T细胞的研究进展及其在临床中的应用前景

Research progress of antigen-specific regulatory T cells for clinical application

调节性T细胞(regulatory T cell,Treg)在免疫耐受中发挥着至关重要的作用,可以通过控制对自身抗原的免疫反应来预防自身免疫性疾病的发生,同时能够抑制免疫系统对外来抗原的应答,从而减少T细胞介导的病理性免疫应答。近年来研究显示器官特异性自身免疫的抑制作用依赖于Treg的抗原特异性。一种新兴的Treg作用模式是表达特异性抗原的树突状细胞激活抗原特异性Treg并使其获得抑制活性。因此,抗原特异性Treg的过继治疗比多克隆Treg更为有效,确定相关抗原,并从多克隆Treg中扩增出抗原特异性Treg。该文对抗原特异性Treg的扩增技术、功能、抗原特异性以及Treg在临床中的潜在治疗进行了综述。

Regulatory T cells（Treg） are critical for regulation of tolerance, control immune responses to selfantigens thereby preventing autoimmunity, and limiting responses to foreign antigens thereby minimizing T cellmediated immunopathology. Recent data indicate that suppression of organ-specific autoimmunity is dependent on the antigen specificity of Treg. An emerging model of Treg action is that organ-specific Treg acquire suppressive activity through activation by dendritic cells expressing specific antigens. Thus, the efficacy of Treg-based therapy should be increased by using antigen-specific Treg rather than polyclonal Treg. It is necessary to identify relevant antigens and to expand antigen-specific Treg from polyclonal populations. Here, we discuss recent techniques for expansion of antigenspecific Treg, function and antigen specificity of Treg and the therapeutic potential of Treg in controlling autoimmune disease and inducing transplant tolerance.