医学教育中批判性思维培养的探索与实践

Exploration and practice on the training of critical thinking in medical education

批判性思维是医学专业胜任力的重要构成部分。批判性思维的最终目标是将极具个性的体验和领悟与有着普遍指导意义的科学认识体系有机结合。针对医学教育中的批判性思维能力培养．在教学理念上应该体现批判性思维的目标和理性约束、辩证思考、移情实践与科学评价的基本特征，还要注重应用原则和条件；在教学设计和实施过程中，需要巧妙地选择适宜的切入点，设置适于展开批判性思维的教学情境，优化教学内容结构模式，强化批判性思维方法学实训和以学“问”为抓手等。

Critical thinking is one of the core professional eompetenees for medical students. The ultimate goal of critical thinking is to combine the highly individualized experience and comprehension with the generally applicable scientific cognitive system. Therefore in medical education, the cultivation of critical thinking should embody the objective and the characteristics of critical thinking, such as rational restriction, dialectical thinking, empathy practice and scientific evaluation, and great attention to the principles and conditions of the application must be given. In the course of teaching design and implementation it＇s necessary to choose the appropriate point, to set up the teaching situation suitable for developing critical thinking, to optimize the structure of teaching content, to strengthen the practice of critical thinking methodology and to value ＂asking questions＂ and so on.