中国制造业国家价值链存在“微笑曲线”吗?——基于供给与需求双重视角

Do the Smile Curves Exist along the National Value Chains of Chinese Manufacturing Industries?A Dual Perspective of Supply and Demand Linkages

本文利用2002年、2007年和2012年中国投入产出表从产出供给和投入需求的双重视角度量了中国制造业国家价值链上所处的位置,考察了中国制造业国家价值链是否存在位置与增值能力之间的"微笑曲线"关系。研究发现劳动密集型、资本密集型和知识技术密集型三类行业的产出"上游化"和投入"下游化"趋势明显。中国制造业行业层面在产出供给链和投入需求链都存在位置与增值能力之间的"微笑曲线"关系。产出供给视角的"微笑曲线"在2002-2012年间有平坦化趋势,投入需求视角的"微笑曲线"则呈现右移和下移特征。"微笑曲线"演进特征表明单纯依靠改变价值链上所处的位置不足以实现中国制造业的升级与增值能力的提高。

Based on China Input-Output Tables 2002,2007 and 2012,this paper measures the position of Chinese manufacturing industries along the output supply chains and the input demand chains and addresses the question of whether the smile curves(the relationship between the position and profitability in value added） exist for Chinese manufacturing industries. This paper finds that the output upstreamness and input downstreamness are becoming larger during 2002-2012 for labor-intensive,capital-intensive and technology-intensive industries and the smile curves do exist along both the output supply chains and the input demand chains for Chinese manufacturing industries. Also,the smile curves show a flattening trend along the output supply chains and shift towards the right and down along the input demand chains from 2002 to 2012. This paper shows that it is insufficient to achieve industrial upgrading only by changing the position along the national value chains for China.