钢结硬质合金抗振镗杆设计及应用研究

Research on Design and Application of Steel Bonded Cemented Carbide Vibration Resistance Boring Bar

通过钢结硬质合金镗杆材料优选和结构设计,开展一种新材料镗杆在深孔加工的抗振性能研究。对比钢结硬质合金和普通钢两种不同材料,钢结硬质合金镗杆硬度更高,弹性模量更大,静刚度更高。静态模态锤击试验发现,钢结硬质合金镗杆的模态频率更低,其一阶模态频率598 Hz,明显低于普通钢710 Hz,模态阻尼和模态刚度更高,其一阶模态阻尼4.08%,一阶模态刚度3.00 E+08 N/m,抗振性能更好。动态实际镗削试验表明,在同等切削状态下,钢结硬质合金镗杆镗削时,镗孔精度和表面质量更好。结合模态锤击试验和实际镗削试验,钢结硬质合金镗杆抗振性能都比普通钢镗杆更好,模态分析与实际加工结论一致。通过切削参数对深孔镗削影响的研究,确定了在试验参数范围内,两种材质镗杆各自的最佳切削参数,其中,钢结硬质合金最佳切削参数为Vc=350 m/min、ap=0.15 mm、f=0.1 mm/r;钢结硬质合金镗杆最佳切削速度远高于普通钢杆,加工效率是普通钢杆的2倍以上。

Through the material selection and structure design of steel bonded cemented carbide boring bar, the vibration resistance of a new material for boring bar in deep hole processing was studied. Compared with the two different materials of steel bonded cemented carbide and ordinary steel, the steel bonded cemented carbide boring bar has higher hardness, greater elastic modulus and higher static stiffness. Through the static modal hammer test, it is found that the modal frequency of the steel bonded carbide boring bar is lower. The first-order modal frequency of 598 Hz of the steel bonded carbide is significantly lower than that of 710 Hz of the ordinary steel. The modal damping and modal stiffness is higher, with the modal damping of 4.08% and the first-order modal stiffness 3.00E ＋08 N/m, which meanes that the anti vibration performance of the steel bonded carbide is better. The dynamic actual boring test shows that the boring precision and surface quality are better when using the steel bonded carbide boring bar under the same cutting condition. Combined with the modal hammer test and actual boring test, the vibration resistance of steel bonded cemented carbide boring bar is better than that of ordinary steel boring bar, and the modal analysis is consistent with the actual machining conclusion. It is determined that in the range of the test parameters, for the best cutting parameters of the two boring bars, the cutting parameters of the steel bonded cemented carbide boring bars are Vc=350 m/min, ap=0.15 mm, f=0.1 mm/r; the best cutting speed of the steel bonded carbide boring bar is much higher than that of ordinary steel, and the processing efficiency is one times more than ordinary steel.