2009—2012年泉州湾大型底栖生物多样性研究

The Biodiversity Research of Macrobenthos in Quanzhou Bay,Fujian Province

文章根据2009—2012年泉州湾4个航次的调查资料,对比分析了4年间大型底栖生物的种类数、生物量、栖息密度、生物多样性的变化趋势。结果表明:泉州湾大型底栖生物有103种,其中多毛类48种,软体动物25种,甲壳动物18种,棘皮动物6种和其他动物6种。多毛类、软体动物、甲壳动物占总种数的88.3%,三者构成大型底栖生物的主要类群。泉州湾大型底栖生物平均生物量为7.77g/m^2,平均栖息密度76个/m^2;数量组成,生物量以甲壳动物居首位2.40g/m^2;栖息密度以多毛类占第一位38个/m^2。泉州湾大型底栖生物种类数、生物量、栖息密度、生物多样性均为湾中部及湾外较好,湾顶较差;从2009—2012年际变化来看,生物种类数、平均生物量、平均栖息密度均为2009年最好,2012年相对较差,生物多样性年际变化不大,说明泉州湾的大型底栖生物环境受到了一定的影响。

Investigations were made on the macrobenthos diversity in Quanzhou bay during2009—2012.The species,biomass,density and biodiversity of macrobenthos in four years were analyzed.In Quanzhou bay,103 species were identified in the macrobenthos,among which there were 48 species of Polychaeta,25 species of Mollusca,18 species of Crustacea,6 species of Echinodermata,and 6 other species.Species belonging to Polychaeta,Mollusca and Crustacea accounted for88.3% of the total species,thus constituting the main population of macrobenthos.The average biomass of macrobenthos in Quanzhou bay is 7.77 g/m^2,and the average inhabiting density is 76 inds./m^2.As to the quantity composition,crustacea have the greatest biomass（2.40 g/m^2）,polychaeta also have the greatest the inhabiting density（38 inds./m^2）.The species,biomass,density and biodiversity of macrobenthos in Quanzhou bay were better in the middle and outside ofthe bay,but the upper of the bay was worse.From the annual change of 2009—2012,the species,biomass,density were best in 2009,and was relatively poor in 2012.The inter-annual variation of biodiversity was not significant.Thus,the benthic environment had been affected.