高职护理实习生临床能力现状调查及分析

Status quo research and analysis of clinical abilities in higher vocational college nursing students

目的 调查卫生职业院校高职护理实习生的临床能力现状，探索在高职护理教学实施行动导向实习考核模式的必要性。方法 2015 年1—12 月选择17 个省（直辖市）开办护理专业的30 所卫生职业院校，采用自制的《高职护理实习生顶岗实习现状调查问卷》对409 名护理实习生进行临床能力现状调查，对实习医院的83 名护理人员进行护生临床能力需求调查。每个省市联络1 家调研单位，负责实施调查问卷的发放、回收和邮寄。比较护生临床能力现状得分和需求得分的差异，并分析各维度现状得分之间的相关性。结果 高职护理实习生专业能力、方法能力、社会能力、护生临床能力各维度现状得分与需求得分差异均有统计学意义（P＜ 0.01）。相关性分析发现，除方法能力现状和专业能力现状无相关性（P＞ 0.05），其余各维度现状得分之间均呈正相关（P ＜ 0.01）。结论 高职护理实习生的临床能力与专业能力、方法能力、社会能力存在相关性，推测据此形成行动导向型实习标准考核模板具有较好的可行性。

Objective To explore the current status of clinical ability in higher vocational college nursing students, and the necessity of action oriented practice examination model in higher vocational college nursing teaching. Methods From January to December 2015, a total of 30 higher health vocational colleges which set nursing major in 17 provinces（ municipality directly under the Central Government） were investigated. Totally 409 nursing interns were investigated by self-designed Clinical Practice Questionnaire Survey for Higher Vocational College Nursing Students, and 83 nursing staff were interviewed on the need of the abilities in nursing students. One investigation unit in each province or city was contacted, who was responsible for the release, recycle and mail of the questionnaires. The differences in the status score and the demand score of nursing students were compared, and the correlation among various dimensions were analyzed. Results There were statistical significance in the differences of scores in professional ability, method ability, social ability and each dimension of nursing students＇ clinical abilities（ P〈0.01）. The result of correlation analysis indicated that there was no correlation between method ability and professional ability（ P 〉 0.05）, on the other side, all the other dimensions were positively correlated（ P〈 0.01）. Conclusions The clinical ability in higher vocational college nursing students are correlated with professional ability, method ability and social ability. Thus, action oriented practice examination model formed according to that result have relatively feasibility.