中药材无公害精细栽培体系研究

Research of pollution-free and precision cultivation system of Chinese herbal medicines

针对中药材无序生产、不规范使用农药等问题,研究团队通过GIS信息技术指导药用植物精准选址,以现代组学方法辅助药用植物育种,以宏基因组学指导土壤复合改良,以合理施肥及病虫害综合防治为主的田间精细管理,建立了中药材无公害精细栽培体系。在全国多个贫困县指导开展了无公害中药材生产布局;通过解析中药基原物种基因组遗传背景,建立药用植物抗性品种选育平台,获得一批新品种和良种,新品种推广降低病虫害发生率;基于病虫害基因检测技术和无公害农药安全性评价技术,人参、三七、丹参、西洋参、五味子、桔梗等中药材的化学农药用量减少20%～80%。中药材无公害精细栽培体系的应用获得了显著的社会、经济及生态效益。

The issues of disordering production and non-standard pesticide application are common in the production of Chinese herbal medicines. Aimed to above problems,research groups built the pollution-free and precision cultivation system of medicinal plants. This system mainly included the precise site selection of medicinal plants based on the GIS technology,modern omics-assisted breeding,metagenomics guiding the soil complex improvement,and the precise field management based on rational application of fertilizer and comprehensive control of disease. At present,the production and distribution of medicinal plants were performed in the many poor counties of the whole nation. The breeding platform of resistant varieties was built,and certificates of new and well-bred varieties were received,in the base of genetic backgrounds of the original species of medicinal plants. The disease incidences were declined after application of these resistant varieties. Additionally,chemical pesticide consumption of medicinal plants（ such as Panax ginseng,P. notoginseng,Salvia miltiorrhiza,P. quinquefolium,Schisandra chinensis,Platycodon grandiflorum and P. grandiflorus etc.） reduced by 20%-80% based on the genetic testing technologies of plant diseases and insect pests and safety evaluation of pollution-free pesticides. The application of pollution-free and precision cultivation system of Chinese herbal medicines achieve significantly social,economic and ecological benefits.