藏药“渣驯”研究进展

Research progress of Tibetan medicine "Zha-xun"

渣驯是大宗常用藏药,也是全世界广泛使用的国际传统药,该文整理了世界各民族对渣驯的使用情况及研究进展,结果表明,渣驯同义词众多,且多数名称都反应其最具特征性的信息——从岩石中流出;渣驯资源在世界各地均有分布,其出露点与地质构造密切相关;渣驯的来源争论尖锐,主要有矿物来源、生物化石来源、生物来源等几种论点;渣驯功效多样,国内主要用于治疗胃病、肝病以及复方用于风湿性关节炎等,国外主要用于治疗早泄、阳痿、阴道炎等症;国内外均使用＂铁类＂渣驯入药,中外古本草中金、银、铜、铁、铅的划分主要是根据颜色进行的分类,而非所含元素类型;国内外学者普遍认为腐殖酸是藏药渣驯的主要药效部位,国内外研究表明渣驯具有抗胃溃疡、抗炎、肝保护、镇痛、免疫调节、增强性欲和生育能力、抗氧化、抗菌、抗糖尿病、抗癫痫、抗精神病、抗病毒等多种药理活性。该文为渣驯资源的合理利用开发提供了科学依据。

Zha-xun is widely used in Tibetan medicine and is also an international traditional medicine. This article would summarize the use status and research progress of Zha-xun by various ethnic groups all over the world,and the results show that it has various synonyms but most of them imply its most characteristic feature-outflow from the rock; Zha-xun resources are distributed in various places of the world,and its bearing spots are closely related to the geological structure; there are sharp arguments on the origins of Zhaxun,mainly including the minerals origin,biological fossils origin,biological origin,etc. Zha-xun has multiple functions and is mainly used to treat stomach disease,liver disease and rheumatoid arthritis in China,and premature ejaculation,impotence,vaginitis embolism in foreign countries. ＂ Iron＂ Zha-xun is used into medicines both at home and abroad. According to ancient materia medica texts,it was mainly classified into five types,including gold Zha-xun,silver Zha-xun,copper Zha-xun,iron Zha-xun and lead Zha-xun mainly based on the predominance of color rather than the minerals contained. It is commonly believed by the domestic and foreign scholars that humic acid is the main medicinal part of Zha-xun,and their studies have found that it has a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-ulcer,anti-inflammatory,liver protection,analgesia,immune regulation,increasing sexual desire and fertility,antioxidation,antibacterial,antidiabetic,antiepileptic,antipsychotic,etc. This paper provides a scientific basis for the rational utilization of Zha-xun resources.