论船山易学中的十二位显隐问题

On the Issue of“Manifest”and“Hidden”in Twelve Positions in Wang Chuanshan's Scholarship on the Changes

船山易学的核心思想是乾坤并建,而乾坤并建能够成立的前提却是十二位显隐的象数结构。十二位显隐指的是乾坤六阴六阳十二位具足,半隐半见。这一结构受到张载言幽明不言有无思想的启发,具有批判佛老不同生死观的作用。这一结构的成立,是船山在综合了多家易学思想的基础上创立而成,其中重要的有周敦颐的太极图,来知德的错综模式等。十二位显隐的象数结构在构建六十四卦的生成方面有巧妙的模式设计,对研究船山思想和易学史具有重要意义。

The core concept of Wang Chuanshan＇s（1619-1692）scholarship on the Changes was qian kun bing jian 乾坤并建（dual emphasis on both Qian[ ]and Kun [ ]）,the premise for which was the image-numerological structure based on the manifest and hidden qualities of yin（ ）or yang（ ）lines in the twelve hexagram positions.This standpoint means that hexagrams Qian[ ]and Kun[ ]consist of six yanglines and six yinlines respectively,constituting twelve positions,half of which are manifest,and half of which are hidden.This structure resulted from the inspiration of Zhang Zai＇s（1020-1077）preference for the concept of you ming（darkness and brightness）rather than you wu（existence and non-existence）,which functioned as criticism of Buddhists＇ and Daoists＇ view of life and death.In addition,this structure came from Chuanshan＇s synthesis of many former scholars＇ ideas,among which Zhou Dunyi＇s（1017-1073）Taiji（Supreme Ultimate）Diagram and Lai Zhide＇s（1525-1604）mode of oppositeness and inversion played important roles.This image-numerological structure has an ingenious model design for the construction of the generation and completion of the sixty-four hexagrams.