老年人休闲性体力活动城市社区建成环境模糊评价研究

Evaluation Research on the Building Environment of the Elderly Leisure-time Physical Activity Urban Community Based on Fuzzy Evaluation Method

城市建成环境与老年人休闲性体力活动的研究构成了国际公共健康领域研究新的热点。在探讨老年人休闲性体力活动城市社区建成环境评价内涵及指标体系基础上,从社区老年人群视角出发,结合南京市栖霞区尧化门街道4个社区的案例,采用模糊评价法进行休闲性体力活动城市社区建成环境评价。结果表明,老年人休闲性体力活动城市社区建成环境的模糊综合评价结果偏低,城市社区建成环境存在"短板"问题,具体看来老年人关注出行交通条件、配套基础设施和环境卫生情况,而社区治安和居住环境关注较少。老年人对交通环境和配套基础设施较满意,而对居住环境和目的地可达性的评价较低。由此建议城市社区针对老年人关注度较低的因子,应采取有针对性的渐进式改善模式。对于关注度较高同时满意度也较高的因子,未来应在现有环境基础上更加完善强化。对于低关注度高满意度的因子,城市社区可以暂缓规划不作为重点,优先解决其他环境问题。

The urban built environment and leisure-time physical activity of the elderly are the new hot spot in the field of international public health research. In the research,based on the analysis of the related connotation and evaluation index system of the built environment of the elderly leisure-time physical activity urban community,from the perspective of community elderly,and by combining with four communities in the Yaohuamen Street,Qixia District,Nanjing as the cases,the built environment of the elderly leisure-time physical activity urban community is evaluated via fuzzy evaluation method. Results show that the built environment of the elderly leisure-time physical activity urban community has lower fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,and there are ＂short board＂problems in built environment of urban communities. To be specific,the elderly focus on travel traffic conditions,supporting infrastructure and environmental health,while less attention to public order of community and living environment. In addition,the elderly is more satisfied at the traffic environment and supporting infrastructure,while has low evaluation to the living environment and destination accessibility. Thus,it is advisable for urban communities to adopt targeted modes of gradual improvement for the factors to which the elderly has lower attention. Besides,urban communities should further improve the factors to which the elderly has higher attention and higher satisfactions in the future based on the existing environment,and suspend the planning of the factors to which the elderly has lower attention and satisfaction as the key and first solve other environmental problems.