陕北寨头河墓地出土硅酸盐类装饰珠的分析研究

Scientific Analyses of the Silica Beads from the Zhaitouhe Cemetery in Northern Shaanxi

本文结合X射线荧光光谱分析、拉曼光谱分析和扫描电镜能谱分析,对陕西黄陵寨头河墓地出土战国时期的10件装饰性料珠样品进行了科学分析研究。依据化学成分分析结果可将这些样品分为钾钙硅酸盐体系和铅钡硅酸盐体系两种类型。蜻蜓眼珠样品,与湖北、四川、湖南地区出土的战国时期的同类样品在化学成分组成方面十分相似,但MgO的含量规律有所不同,可能是原料使用的不同。铅钡硅酸盐费昂斯制品中检测到中国蓝和中国深蓝晶体,扫描电镜观察到了硅酸钡铜晶体和硅酸钡晶体,推测硅酸钡应该是在中国蓝或中国紫形成的过程中而产生,而非在埋藏过程中产生。

This article presents the results of scientific analyses of ten silica beads dating to the Warring States period from the Zhaitouhe cemetery in Shaanxi by conducting X-ray fluorescence, Laser Raman spectroscopy, and SEM-EDS analysss. The chemical compositions show that these samples include two major types： K-Ca silicon oxide and Pb-Ba silicon oxide. The chemical compositions of the dragonfly-eye beads from the cemetery are similar to the contemporary samples from Sichuan and Hunan with slight variations in MgO, probably due to the difference of sources. Moreover, this analysis identifies crystal structures of Chinese blue and Chinese deep blue in the Pb-Ba silica fayence. Since the SEM analysis also identified crystal structures of Pb-Ba silicon oxide and Ba silicon oxide, Ba Silica was likely to be produced during the formation process of Chinese blue or Chinese deep blue crystals rather than the post-depositional process.