等离子体熔融危废焚烧灰渣中试试验研究

Pilot Scale Study on Plasma Melting the Hazardous Waste Incineration Ash and Slag

为等离子技术装备开发提供具有工程应用价值的数据,采用中试规模的直流等离子体炉对危废焚烧灰渣进行高温熔融处理,考察了开弧、埋弧等对熔融特性的影响,研究了熔渣的组成、微观结构、重金属浸出特性及二次飞灰的特性和产生机理,并测算了熔融处理单位质量灰渣的能耗。结果表明,埋弧和开弧操作对熔渣的成分和晶体结构影响不大。但是,与开弧相比,埋弧操作利用了电阻、电弧加热熔渣,提高热效率,熔融单位质量灰渣的能耗为0.709 k W·h/kg。熔渣中的重金属浸出质量浓度远低于国家标准限值;二次飞灰的产率为7.5%,其主要成分为NaCl。

To provide key data of engineering application for the equipment development of ash and slag treatment by plasma technology. The hazardous waste incineration ash and slag was melted with a pilot scale direct current plasma furnace. The effects of open arc and submerged arc on melting characteristics,and the composition,microstructure,leaching characteristics of heavy metal and characteristics and mechanism of secondary fly ash were analyzed,and the energy consumption was calculated. According to the test,submerged arc and open arc operation have little influence on the composition and crystal structure of slag. However,compared with the open arc operation,the submerged arc operation utilizes the resistance and arc heating slag to increase the thermal efficiency,and energy consumption of fly ash and slag was 0.709 k W·h/kg.The leaching mass concentration of heavy metals in molten slag is much lower than the national standard limit. The production of secondary fly ash was 7.5%,with Na Cl as its major components.