间作对玉米马铃薯根系生长与分布的影响

Effect of Maize and Potato Intercropping on Their Root Growth and Distribution

【目的】旨在研究玉米马铃薯间作条件下作物根系生长与分布特征。【方法】以玉米马铃薯间作、玉米单作、马铃薯单作为研究对象,采用空间坐标取样法对根系取样。【结果】(1)玉米马铃薯的根系质量密度分布随土层深度增加而降低,在>10~20 cm的土层中降低趋势最快,最大值都出现在0~10 cm的土层中。(2)2013年和2014年马铃薯初花期玉米根系质量密度在不同土层都是边二行大于单作和边一行,边一行最小,说明马铃薯初花期间作抑制玉米边一行根系生长,成熟期玉米边一行的根系质量密度反而最大,说明成熟期促进了边一行的根系生长,导致最终了间作玉米的根系质量密度大于单作玉米。(3)无论是马铃薯初花期还是成熟期,马铃薯根系质量密度在0~10 cm土层中边一行明显大于边二行,而到>20~30 cm时边一行小于边二行,说明间作有利于马铃薯边一行根系生长的同时促进马铃薯边二行根系向更深土层扩展,使得间作马铃薯的根系质量密度也大于单作马铃薯。(4)间作系统中玉米根系无论在马铃薯初花期还是成熟期都有向马铃薯生长的趋势,而马铃薯根系在成熟期有向玉米生长的趋势。【结论】因此,玉米间作马铃薯根系分布较为合理,使得间作的根系质量密度大于单作,这为玉米马铃薯间作产量优势的形成具有重要的意义。

[Purpose]The root growth and distribution in maize and potato intercropping system were studied.[Method]We took 4 rows maize intercropping 4 rows potato, maize monoculture and potato monoculture as the research object, root sampling by spatial coordinate sampling.[Result]（1） Root mass density of maize and potatoes decreased with soil depth, most of the decrease was in the 10-20 cm soil layer, and the maximum value appeared in the 0-10 cm soil layer.（2） In 2013 and2014 maize root mass density of potato flowering stage on the second line was more than that of the first line and monoculture, the first line was minimum, explaining the first line of maize root growth in intercropping was disadvantage in potato flowering stage, root mass density of maize on the first line was the maximum in the mature stage, explaining promoted root growth on first line in potato mature stage.（3） Both the potato flowering stage and maturity stage, the potato root mass density of the first line in the 0-10 cm soil layer was significantly higher than that of the second line, but the first line was less than the second line in the 20-30 cm, description explain promoted root growth on first line and the second line of root is extended to the deeper in soil.（4） Root system of maize had trend to potato growth in potato flowering stage or maturity, while the potato had trend to maize growth in mature period.[Conclusion]Therefore, root distribution is reasonable in maize and potato intercropping system, the root mass density in maize and potato intercropping system is more than that in monoculture, it has important to maize and potato intercropping.