miR-375在肿瘤发生及诊断中的研究进展

Advanced in the research of miR-375 on tumor development and diagnosis

miRNA是一类保守的、非编码的、单链的小RNA分子,通过调节基因表达从而在各种生物进程中发挥着重要的生物学作用。miR-375作为特异的miRNA,最初在胰岛β细胞内被发现,同时它也是一种多功能miRNA,它能调控胰岛素的分泌和胰岛的形成,更重要的是参与肿瘤的发生发展。研究证实miR-375是通过靶向多个重要的致癌基因如AEG-1、YAPI、IGFIR及PDKI等发挥作用的。研究发现miRNA-375在肝癌、胃癌等肿瘤中明显下调,但在乳腺癌和前列腺癌中却显著上调,并且miR-375在前列腺癌和乳腺癌中起到促肿瘤生长作用。因此miR-375可能成为调控肿瘤细胞生长的一个新靶点,并且miR-375表达水平的监测能促进肿瘤的早期诊断和预后判断。

Micro RNAs（miRNAs） are conserved small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in various biological processes via controlling gene expression. Among them, miR-375 is firstly identified in pancreatic β-cells and proved to regulate insulin secretion and islet formation. Furthermore, it turns that miR-375 is involved in cancer development and progression by targeting several important oncogenes including AEG-1, YAP1, IGF1 R and PDK1. Unlike some other cancers, the levels of miR-375 in prostate and breast cancer specifically increase, indicating its action in tumor development. Therefore, miR-375 may be a potential target for suppressing tumor growth, and has the clinical value as a biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction.