舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂对揭阳地区不同年龄段螨过敏性鼻炎患者的临床疗效评估

Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy with dermatophagoides farianae drops for allergic rhinitis

目的评估揭阳地区舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂脱敏治疗不同年龄组患者过敏性鼻炎的临床效果。方法选取我院2016年1~10月收治的过敏性鼻炎患者510例作为研究对象,按就诊年龄将患者分为6组:学龄前(4~6岁,36例)、学龄期(7~12岁,89例)、青春期(13~20岁,143例)、青年期(21~40岁,126例)、中年期(41~60岁,68例)、老年期(60岁以上,48例),采取舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂治疗1年,比较各年龄组治疗前后体征和症状评分、生活质量评分及不良反应发生率。结果治疗后,510例患者临床症状评分较治疗前均有明显降低(P<0.05),有效率为76.5%;生活质量较治疗前显著改善(P<0.05);30例(5.9%)出现局部不良反应,24例(4.7%)出现全身轻微不良反应,未出现全身严重不良反应。不同年龄段患者治疗前临床症状评分及生活质量评分分别为(8.07±1.58)和(12.47±3.17)分、(8.12±1.63)和(12.58±3.09)分、(8.11±1.56)和(12.39±3.11)分、(8.09±1.60)和(12.60±3.15)分、(8.15±1.65)和(12.51±3.08)分、(8.17±1.59)和(12.49±3.13)分,与治疗后的(4.68±1.59)和(8.47±2.64)分、(4.74±1.63)和(8.51±2.51)分、(4.71±1.67)和(8.49±2.58)分、(4.67±1.52)和(8.62±2.61)分、(4.62±1.55)和(8.53±2.66)分、(4.80±1.64)和(8.59±2.55)分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);各组患者治疗前后体征、症状评分及生活质量评分组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后6个月各组症状评分及生活质量评分同治疗前比较明显降低(P<0.05),治疗后12个月同治疗后6个月比较各组症状评分及生活质量评分明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂是治疗过敏性鼻炎的一种有效方法,且安全性高,值得临床广泛推广应用;不同年龄组患者取得的总体疗效未见明显差别。

Objective To evaluate clinical efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy with dermatophagoides farianae drops for allergic rhinitis of different age groups in Jieyang.Methods A total of 510 cases of allergic rhinitis were selected as the research object in our hospital from January 2016 to October 2016.The patients were divided into 6 groups according to age：preschool group（4-6 years old.36 cases）,school age group（7-12 years old,89 cases）,adolescent group（13-20 years old,143 cases）,adolescence group（21-40 years old,126 cases）,midlife group（41-60 years old,68 cases）,old age group（more than 60 years old,48 cases）.All patients were theapied with sublingual immunotherapy with dermatophagoides farinae drops in a year,and clinlcal symptom score,life quality scores and incidence rate of adverse were contrasted in every group before and after treatment.Results After treatment,clinlcal symptom score was lower than before treatment in 510 cases of patients,and clinical effective rate was 76.5%,and life quality was improved than before treatment（P〈0.05）,30 cases（5.9%） occured local adverse reactions,24 cases（4.7%） occured slight whole body adverse reaction,clinlcal symptom score and life quality score with different age signs before treatment were（8.07 ±1.58） and（12.47±3.17） point,（8.12±1.63） and（12.58±3.09） point,（11±1.56） and（12.39±3.11） point,（8.09±1.60） and（12.60±3.15）point,（8.15 ±1.65） and（12.51 ±3.08） point,（8.17 ±1.59） and（12.49 ±3.13） point respectively,and after treatment were（4.68 ±1.59） and（8.47 ±2.64） point,（4.74 ±1.63） and（8.51 ±2.51） point,（4.71 ±1.67） and（8.49 ±2.58） point,（4.67 ±1.52） and（8.62 ±2.61） point,（4.62 ±1.55） and（8.53 ±2.66） point,（4.80 ±1.64） and（8.59 ±2.55） point,and clinlcal symptom score and life quality score was statistically difference before treatment than after treatment（P〈0.05）.Clinlcal symptom score and life quality score was lower at 6 months after treatment than before treatment（P〈0.05）,and which was lower at 12 months after treatment than at 6 months after treatment（P〈0.05）.Conclusion Sublingual immunotherapy with dermatophagoides farianae drops is an effective and high safety method for the treatment of allergic rhinitis.It is worthy of extensive promotion and application,and equivalent efficacy could be achieved for different age groups.