纳米纤维素基导电材料及其在电子器件领域的研究进展

Recent progress of nanocellulose-based electroconductive materials and their applications as electronic devices

为了应对全球日益严重的环境污染和资源短缺,近年来,可再生、环境友好的生物质材料受到越来越多的关注。纤维素是地球上产量最大的生物质,在自然界中分布广泛且含量丰富,具有资源优势的同时还具有可生物降解、无毒等优点。纳米纤维素是一种可通过物理、化学或生物方法从原纤维中分离出的直径为纳米级的纤维素材料,其优异的力学、光学和热稳定性使其在电子器件领域具有广阔的应用前景。纳米纤维素结构的基本属性对其在新兴应用设计和产品制造上至关重要。因此,笔者在介绍纳米纤维素不同维度结构的基础上,对纳米纤维素基导电材料制备过程中的改性和炭化处理研究进展,以及其在电子、储能器件领域所取得的应用研究进展进行了综合评述,并对其在应用过程中存在的问题进行了分析。最后,就纳米纤维素基导电材料未来应用研究的重点和方向阐述了自己的观点,认为应该在降低纳米纤维素材料的制备成本以提高纳米纤维素的生产效率,以及开发既能方便储存运输又不会导致纳米纤维素聚集的新方法等方面加强投入。

In response to the global increasingly severe environmental pollution, resource shortage, and ecological dam- age, which have severely affected human＇s activity and health, in the past 40 years, renewable and environment- friendly biomass materials, such as cellulose, starch, soy protein isolate (SPI）, lignin, and chitin, have received more and more attention. Cellulose is the most abundant biomass on earth and widely distributed in nature. It has the advantages of renewability, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and derivable properties. Therefore, the cellulose is promising to be used as the potential replacement for petroleum-derived synthetic polymer plastics, which are non-biodegradable or carbon neutral and non-renewable. Nanocellulose is nanosized cellulose material that can be obtained from the physical, chemical, or biological treatment of cellulose fibrils. The nanocelluloses have recently at- tracted attention as nano-sized and bit-based materials prepared from abundant biomass resources. They are roughly categorized as cellulose nanofibrils （CNFs） and cellulose nanocrystals （CNCs） with high and low aspect ratios, re- spectively. The high mechanical strength and modulus, low coefficient of thermal expansion, superior gas-barrier properties, and high electrical resistivity make nanocellulose attractive in the application as electronic devices. Further- more, the basic structures and properties of the nanocellulose are crucial to their design and manufacturing of products for emerging applications. Therefore, based on the introduction of the different dimensions and structures of the nano- cellulose, this paper reviews the preparation of nanocellulose-based conductive materials, as well as their applications in the fields of electronic and energy storage devices. Two main methods commonly used to prelaare nanocellulose-based conductive materials are modifing the nanocellulose with conductive materials, such as polyacetylene, polypyr- role （PPy）, polyaniline （PANI）, polythiophene （PTh） carbonizing the nanocellulose materials to make them con- ductivity. Moreover, two critical applications of nanocellulose-based materials are also presented： the green electronics (e. g,, transistor, organic light-emitting diode (OLED）, antennas, loudspeaker, actuator and touchscreen）, as well as energy storage devices （e.g., lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors）.