肿瘤源性外泌体微RNA在肿瘤中的研究进展

Progress of tumor-derived exosomal microRNA in tumors

外泌体是多种细胞可以分泌的直径40-100 nm具有细胞间物质转运与信号转导等生理功能的囊泡样小体。外泌体中含有的核酸、蛋白质和脂质等为其具有源细胞的生物学特性奠定了基础。肿瘤细胞同样也可分泌大量外泌体，且肿瘤细胞外泌体中含有多种微RNA（miRNA），这些miRNA因其母体肿瘤细胞不同而有差异。文章主要就肿瘤源性外泌体中miRNA在肿瘤的早期诊断和肿瘤发生、发展进行综述。

Exosomes are vesicular globules with physiological functions, such as intercellular material transportation and signal transduction. They can be secreted by many kinds of cells, with 40 to 100nm diameters. Exosomes have biological properties of derived cells based on the nucleic acids, proteins and lipids in them. Tumor cells can also secrete large number of exosomes with many microRNAs （miRNAs）, and miRNAs from different maternal tumor ceils are different. This paper mainly reviews the early diagnosis of tumors by tumor-derived exosomal miRNAs and the relationship between miRNAs and tumorigenesis and tumor progression.