儒家领袖与儒家民主

Confucian Leadership Meets Confucian Democracy

儒家民主主义者认为,如同现代儒家政治体必须从君主制转变到民主制一样,必须对儒家政治领袖的角色进行反思,但是,这并不意味着现代儒家必须摈弃传统儒家视野下的领袖观。尽管在现代民主儒学的新背景下,一些关键的儒家见解在某种程度上呈现出新的意涵,但这些洞见的传统内涵依旧重要。陈祖为和陈永政在论证儒家强调领导力胜过制度这一观点上并无过错,但我们还应该重视那些儒家所依赖的用来培养和选拔贤德领袖的制度。儒家从未认为政治的运转可单独依赖于启发型的领袖,优秀领导力的运作依赖于一系列背景制度的支撑和推进。慈继伟认为儒家在深层次上是非民主的,但这一观点却恰恰能够帮助我们解释,为什么儒家必须向民主演进。儒家民主仍然需要政治领袖来扮演那些能够承继传统儒家领袖精神的角色,现代儒家需要通过拥抱人本民主,而不是民本威权主义,来解决传统儒学中的张力。

Confucian democrats hold that the roles of Confucian political leaders must be rethought,just as the modern Confucian polity must shift from a monarchy to a constitutional democracy.This does not mean that modern Confucians must turn their backs on traditional Confucian views of leadership,however,the key traditional insights are still important,although to some degree they take on new significance in the new context of modern democratic Confucianism.Even though Joseph Chan and Elton Chan are correct to say that Confucians emphasize leadership over institutions,it is vital to notice the kinds of institutions that Confucians rely upon in order to cultivate and select virtuous leaders.Confucians have never felt that politics can proceed through inspirational leadership alone;good leadership depends on a background set of institutions to support and develop its exercise.Ci Jiwei's view that Confucianism is deeply undemocratic will help us see why it must become democratic.Confucian democracies still need leaders playing roles that are very much in the spirit of traditional Confucian leadership.