唐诗选本与李、杜诗歌的经典化——以唐代至明代唐诗选本为例

Anthologies of Tang Poetry and Canonization of the Poetry of Li Bai and Du Fu: Taking the Anthologies of Tang Poetry from the Tang Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty for Instances

李白与杜甫诗歌的经典化过程,在历代唐诗选本中有不同的体现。现存的唐五代选本,仅三种选李诗,一种选杜诗,且评价不太高,这里有时间、地域等原因,更主要的是认识不到位,这与韩愈等诗人对李、杜的高度评价形成较大反差。宋、元人对李、杜的评价很高,唐诗选本却常常不选二人诗,主要理由是二人全集易得且不宜割裂,这其实是一种尊而不亲的态度。明代唐诗选本普遍重视李、杜诗,不但二人诗在选本中占突出地位,得到最高评价,而且是李、杜并尊,李、杜诗歌的经典化,在明代唐诗选本中正式完成。这一经典化过程,可见经典具有耐读性和累积性,随着时代的进展,李、杜诗的意义愈加凸显,而且光景常新。

The canonization of the poetry of Li Bai and Du Fu differs much in the anthologies of Tang poetry in various dynasties.In extant anthologies of the Tang and Five Dynasties,there are only three kinds selecting Li’s poetry and one kind selecting Du’s poetry with low evaluation.Beyond the causes of time and region,the important factor is the lack of awareness,which forms great constrast with high evaluation held by Han Yu and other poets.People in the Song and Yuan Dynasties thought highly of Li and Du,yet the poetry of the two were often absent in anthologies then with the reason that their complete works were easy to get,which is a respectful attitude rather than an intimate one.The anthologies of Tang poetry in the Ming Dynasty generally highlighted the poetry of Li and Du,and paid equal attention to the two of them.The canonization of the poetry of Li and Du formally completed in this period.The canonization process of the poetry of Li and Du shows the cumulative and timeless characteristics of classics.