医疗保险对流动人口消费的促进作用及其机制

The Promoting Effect and Its Mechanism of Health Insurance on the Migrants' Consumption

利用原国家卫生和计划生育委员会组织的"2014年全国流动人口动态监测调查数据",实证探究医疗保障对流动人口消费的影响,研究发现:参加医疗保险对流动人口的消费具有显著的促进效应。在用工具变量法控制内生性后,参加医疗保险将使流动人口的人均非医疗消费提升6.5%。医疗保险的保障水平与流动人口消费水平显著正相关,保障水平越高的医疗保险对流动人口消费的刺激作用越大,在本地参保将使流动人口非医疗消费增长13.4%。医疗保险对流动人口消费发挥作用的主要机制为预防性储蓄。参加医保可以降低流动人口医疗支出的不确定性,稳定消费预期,减少预防性储蓄,从而促进消费。据此,文章提出了通过稳步提高医保统筹层次、逐步推进医保险种整合、以商业医疗保险作为有效补充来不断提升流动人口的医疗保障水平,以此促进流动人口消费的政策建议。

This paper uses＂Dynamic Monitoring Data of Floating Population in 2014＂organized by the National Health and Family Planning Commission to explore the impact of medical insurance on the health of floating population. The main results are： First,whether to participate in medical insurance can significantly influence the migrants consumption. The participating in medical insurance could increase migrants＇ consumption by 6. 5% if removing the endogenity of the model with IV. Second,the consumption level of migrant is significantly positively correlated with the level of medical insurance. The higher the level of health insurance,the greater stimulating effect on migrant. Migrant participate in local medical insurance will promote their consumption other than health expenditure increased by 13. 4%. Finally,the main mechanism of medical insurance and migrant consumption is precautionary savings. Medical insurance can promote consumption by reduce precautionary saving for the medical expenditure so as to. This paper advises to enhance the level of medical insurance for the migrant by steadily improving the overall level of health care,gradually promoting the integration of medical insurance and developing commercial medical insurance.