四海的胚胎发生学探讨

Discussion of Embryology of Sihai(Four Sea)

四海是人体的四个解剖系统,承担着人体最基本的生理功能,是生命活动的功能中心,其中髓海是指人体的神经系统,水谷之海是指人体的消化管道,气海是指人体的呼吸系统,而血海是指人体循环系统的主干。水谷之海、髓海和血海都是胚胎发育过程中最早产生的解剖系统,它们的产生不仅奠定了胚体发育的基本条件,而且诱发并协调人体的其他脏腑和生理系统的形成;虽然气海只有在出生后才开始工作,却成为生命活动必须依赖的生理功能。《黄帝内经》不以四海所在的具体解剖部位定位,而以可以在体表对四海实施刺激的部位对其定位,以四海向躯体释放能量的部位表达四海的存在,刺激四海在体表的投放区域可以有效地影响四海的生理功能。引证过程中可以看出,《黄帝内经》四海理论在胚胎学和解剖学的角度与现代生命科学的高度吻合,反映出先人对人体和生命的高度认识。

This paper interprets the concepts of Sihai（Four Sea）,four anatomic systems,carrying human basic physiological functions,which is the functional center for life activities. It considers the Suihai（Marrow Sea） as the nervous system,Shuiguzhihai（Water and Food Sea） as the digestive track,Qihai（Air Sea） as the respiratory system,and Xuehai（Blood Sea） as the trunk circulatory system etc ,which is the earliest anatomic systems in the embryology,establishing the basis for the development of embryo ,inducing and coordinating Zangfu organs and physiological systems. Qihai works after birth,but it is the indispensable function for life activities. This paper explains the relationship between the locations of Sihai in the Huangdi＇s Internal Classic and the real anatomic structures. It demonstrates the feature of the Huangdi＇s Internal Classic which it used the distinguished body surface structure land mark to demonstrate the inner organs＇ locations. It mostly is the energy path from the original organ. It is also the effective path to stimulate the inner organs by using acupuncture. Sihai theory is highly consistent with the modern life science in the embryology and anatomy perspective,reflecting the ancestors＇ understanding of the human body and life.