六安市某乡村留守初中生自杀意念现状及相关因素的研究

Situation and Related Factors of Suicide Ideation Among Left Behind Junior High School Students in Lu’an

目的：探讨六安市乡村留守初中生自杀意念的现状及自杀意念与负性生活事件、家庭环境特征及焦虑抑郁情绪的关系。方法：采用自杀意念自评量表、焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表、家庭环境量表、青少年生活事件量表调查六安市乡村留守初中生共255人。结果：初中生年自杀意念检出率为36.5%,且随着年级的增加呈上升趋势。大家庭或核心家庭的初中生自杀意念检出率显著低于寄养家庭和单亲家庭的初中生（χ2=12.174,P〈0.05）。相关分析结果显示,自杀意念与负性生活事件各因子相关呈显著性（r=0.205-0.386,P〈0.05）。自杀意念与家庭环境量表中的亲密度、情感表达、矛盾性、知识性、娱乐性和组织性等因子相关呈显著性（｜r｜=0.091-0.328,P〈0.05）。自杀意念与焦虑抑郁情绪相关呈显著性（r=0.527,0.536;P〈0.05）。自杀意念的影响因素包括：人际关系因子、学习压力因子、受惩罚因子、丧失因子、其它因子、亲密性因子、矛盾因子、知识性因子、娱乐性因子、组织性因子、焦虑情绪、抑郁情绪。结论：初中生自杀意念的发生与不良的家庭环境、负性生活事件、焦虑抑郁情绪有密切的关系。

Objective：To investigate the present situation of suicide ideation among rural left behind junior high school students in Lu＇an city and the relationship between suicide ideation,negative life events,family environment and anxiety and depression.Methods：A total of 255 students were investigated by using self rating anxiety scale,self rating anxiety scale,self rating depression scale,family environment scale and adolescent life events scale in Lu＇an.Results：The detection rate of suicidal ideation in junior high school students was 36.5%,and it increased with the increase of grade.The detection rate of suicide ideation of junior high school students in the family or nuclear family was significantly lower than that of the middle school students in foster families and single parent families（χ2=12.174,P〈0.05）.There was significant relationships between suicidal ideation and negative life events（r=0.205-0.386,P〈0.05）.There were significant relationships between suicidal ideation and the degree of intimacy,knowledge,entertainment,morality,religion and contradiction（r=0.091-0.328,P〈0.05）.Suicidal ideation was also related with depression and anxiety（r=0.527,0.536）.The influencing factors of ideation included interpersonal relationship factor,learning pressure factor,penalty factor,loss factor and other factors,intimacy factor,conflict factor and knowledge factors and entertainment factor,organization factor,anxiety and depression.Conclusion：The incidence of suicidal ideation in junior high school students is closely related to the bad family environment and negative life events.