从“白水郎”到“水生人”:疍民的生计变迁与认同建构

From "Baishuilang" to "Shuishengren", the Changes of Boat People's Livelihood and the Construction of Identification

清朝中后期,原先生活在闽江流域的一支水上人——疍民北上迁徙至闽东沙埕港,并在当地港域构建了一个相对稳定的聚居区,由此成为沙埕港这一海洋社区的重要组成部分。历史上闽东地区存在的歧视疍民的文化传统,导致疍民在当地社区中被"污名化"。1949年以后,在一系列政策支持下,疍民得以上岸定居,并凭借精湛的捕鱼技术实现了社会地位上的逆转。与此同时,围绕着一系列渔业荣誉,疍民群体重构了新的集体记忆与身份认同。

This article aims at illustrating how the development of fishing production affected the social status and identity of the Boat people in Shacheng,Fuding.Many groups of the Boat people migrated from Fuzhou to Shacheng during the middle and late Qing period.The indigenous in Shacheng utilized the cultural context which rooted in Fujian to make the Boat people as the victims under discrimination,insulation and oppression.However,the Boat people attained astonishing fishing yield thanks to a series of policies after 1949.With economic achievements,they moved ashore and reversed the social status,and most importantly,they constructed the new identity of themselves.