论网络环境下著作权侵权的刑事归责——以网络服务提供者的刑事责任为中心

The Criminal Imputation of Copyright Infringement in the Network Environment——On the Center of Criminal Responsibility of Network Service Provider

为弥补我国前置法与刑法之间的立法代沟,需要对侵犯著作权罪的"发行"要件作扩大解释,使之包含"信息网络传播"。为防止民事归责与刑事归责之间的标准倒挂,需要以实质呈现标准取代服务器标准与社会危害性标准,将其作为认定信息网络传播行为的标准。据此,深度链接行为成立侵犯著作权罪正犯的理由不是共犯正犯化理论,也不是社会危害性理论,而是因为其实质性地改变了作品的呈现方式。网络服务提供者明知他人实施侵犯著作权罪而为其提供技术服务,不是无责的中立帮助行为,应该成立侵犯著作权罪的帮助犯。网络技术服务提供者有删除侵权作品或断开链接的义务,这种义务来源于危险的先前行为,其违反义务的不作为成立侵犯著作权罪的帮助犯。

In order to make up the legislative generation gap between China's prepositional law and criminal law,it is necessary to expand the explanation of the"distribution"of the crime of copyright infringement,which should include"information network transmission".In order to avert the standard inversion between civil and criminal imputation,it is necessary to regard essence presence standard as the standard for identifying the communication behavior of the information network in place of server standard and social harmfulness standard.Accordingly,the reason that deep linking behavior constitutes the principal offender of crime of copyright infringement is not the theory of accomplice offender and social harmfulness,but the reason for changing the presentation of the works essentially.The behavior that network service provider provides technical services to other people,knowing that other people are committing crime of copyright infringement is not neutral behavior without responsibility,and the behavior should constitute accessory offender of crime of copyright infringement.Network technology service provider shall have the obligation of removing infringing works or disconnecting the link,which is derived from the previous behavior of danger,and the omission violating the obligation constitutes accessory offender of crime of copyright infringement.