城乡居民收入差距的传递机制研究--以教育收益率为视角

Reasearch on the Transfer Mechanism of Incom Gap between Urban and Rural Residents——Based on the Perspective of the Rate of Return to Education

基于两阶段最小二乘方法和CGSS2010—2012年数据的研究表明,城镇劳动者的教育数量收益率均高于农村劳动者,而农村劳动者的教育数量和质量的交互项收益率则高于城镇劳动者。城乡居民教育收益率的分位数回归结果表明,城镇劳动者接受高中教育能够通过教育质量调节各收入阶层的教育回报,缩小城镇内部各阶层之间的收入差距;农村劳动者接受高中教育能够调节农村低收入群体与高收入群体的收入差距,而大专及以上教育收益率则拉大农村各收入阶层之间的收入差距,使得农村内部出现"教育引起的马太效应"。城乡收入差距分解表明,改善农村劳动者的教育数量和教育质量收益率,在一定程度上可以缩小结构效应带来的城乡收入差距。

Based on the least square method and CGSS data from 2010 to 2012, the study shows that the rate of return on education quantity of urban workers is higher than that of rural workers; while the interactive yield of education quantity and quality of rural workers is higher than that of urban workers. The results of quantile regression of the educational yield of urban and rural residents show that urban workers receiving high school education can adjust the educational returns of all income groups through the quality of education, so as to narrow the income gap between all levels within the town; Rural workers accepting high school education can alleviate the income gap between rural low-income groups and high-income groups, while college and above education yield has widened the income gap between rural income groups, so that the ＂Matthew effect caused by education＂ in rural areas.Through the decomposition of income gap between urban and rural areas shows that to some extent, improving the rural workers＇ education quantity and the rate of return on education quality can reduce the growth income gap caused by the structural effect.