水肥后移对冬小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响

Effects of irrigation and fertilization postponement on the yield and water use efficiency in winter wheat

在水肥互作条件下,通过试验研究了冬小麦关键生育期水肥后移对其产量构成各项指标(株高、穗长、穗粒数、千粒重)、产量、耗水量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:不同水文年型,冬小麦关键生育期水肥后移对其产量构成各项指标、产量和水分利用率均会产生影响。与常规灌水施肥处理相比,偏丰年与丰水年份,越冬期水肥后移,对冬小麦生长、产量及耗水量影响较小,拔节期水肥后移,可显著提高冬小麦的产量构成和产量,但在偏丰年会降低水分利用效率,灌浆期水肥后移,不利于冬小麦产量的形成;枯水年份,冬小麦各关键生育期水肥后移,对其产量构成、产量、水分利用效率均产生不利影响。通过三年试验,总体而言,水肥后移不利于冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的提高,但也不会导致冬小麦产量的大幅下降,因此,在水资源紧缺地区,错峰灌水施肥可适当缓解农业用水高峰期灌区的供水压力,该研究成果对半干旱区冬小麦水肥一体化管理具有一定的借鉴意义。

In the interaction of water and fertilizer conditions,the effects of irrigation and fertilization delay on the yield components of the index（ plant height,spike length,grain number per panicle,thousand grain weights）,yield,water consumption and water use efficiency were probed through the experimental study on key growth stages of winter wheat. The results show that the yield compositions and water use efficiency were affected by the water and fertilizer delay in different hydrological years. Compared with conventional irrigation and fertilization,the growth,yield and water consumption were little affected by delayed irrigation and fertilization at overwintering stage in partial wet year and wet year,and the yield,composition and yield were significantly increased by delayed water and fertilizer at jointing stage,but it reduced water use efficiency in partial wet year,and it was unfavorable to the formation of yield when water and fertilizer delay during grain filling stage. It had adverse effects on yield structure,yield and water use efficiency when water and fertilizer delay in key growth stages of winter wheat in dry year. In general,water and fertilizer delay is not conducive to the increase of yield and water use efficiency,but it will not lead to a sharp drop in winter wheat production. Thus,It may be appropriate to alleviate the irrigation water pressure in agricultural irrigation water peak in the area of water resources shortage.The research results can be used for reference in the management of winter wheat integrated water and fertilizer management in semi-arid area.