产权变革路径与起源之争:立足转型中国的思考

The Argument on the Reform Path and Origin of Property Rights:A Critical Review under the Context of Transformation in China

产权制度是人类最古老的制度之一,这种制度确立了人类针对稀缺性资源占有及分配的结构形态和社会关系。不同的产权变革路径与市场转型进程的匹配构成不同的"转型体制",与东欧和中欧完全私有化的进路不同,中国的产权变革是一种"不完全的产权变革":既不是完全的公有产权的解构过程,亦不是完全的私有产权的建构过程。围绕私有产权的起源之争,我们分别检讨了韦伯基于社会占有提出的"产权命题"、诺思的"国家悖论"以及区分公产与私产的"阿尔钦之谜"。与以上理论解释不同,中国改革四十年产权变革过程不是简单地从"公"到"私",而是多元产权并存的一种"连续谱",不同产权类型并不是一个个孤立的散点,而是围绕着资源占有的界定这同一主线彼此关联的一束关系。

The property right institution is one of the oldest institutions of human beings, which establishes the structure form and social relationship of scarce resources possession and dis- tribution. The matchings of different property rights reform paths with the process of market transition make different ＂transition systems＂. Different from the complete privatisation of prop- erty rights in Eastern Europe and Central Europe, property rights reform is an ＂incomplete prop- erty rights change＂ in China. it is neither the complete deconstruction process of public property rights, nor the complete construction process of private property rights. On the issue of the ori- gin of property rights, the paper respectively reviewed the ＂property rights proposition＂ based on social possession raised by Marx Weber, ＂the paradox of state＂ raised by Douglass North as well as ＂Alchian Mystery＂ that discuses on the difference between the public property rights and pri- vate property rights. Different from the above theoretical explanations, the Chinese transition is not simply from ＂public＂ to ＂private＂ during the four deccades of reform and opening up, but a kind of ＂continuous spectrum＂ including of multiple property rights structures. Different types of property rights are not any isolated scatters, but a bunch of relationship in which they are related to each other based on the definition of ProPerty rights.